Transtorno del Espectro Autista en Primera Infancia Indígena: Una Perspectiva Intercultural

Abstract

This study focused on the intercultural understanding of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the context of the Nasa indigenous community in the municipality of Páez, Cauca. Through the analysis of communication, behavior, and learning patterns of the indigenous child diagnosed with ASD, the aim was to interpret how these expressions intertwine with their worldview, spiritual practices, and the sociocultural dynamics of the cultural seedbed "Ethegsawesx." The project combined qualitative methods such as participant observation, semi- focus groups and structured interviews, integrating a critical intercultural approach. Through a methodological process in five phases, a deep analysis was developed using tools like ATLAS.ti, which allowed for the coding and categorization of data in content analysis. These techniques revealed the importance of spirituality, collective care, and the ancestral interpretation of behavior in supporting the child. The results highlight the need for inclusive education based on respect for differences and pedagogical self-determination. The research offers recommendations involving the integration of Western and ancestral knowledge in educational and mental health processes. Additionally, the limitations of the study are acknowledged, particularly access to the rural context and the complexity of cultural interpretation, emphasizing its innovation in incorporating a truly intercultural perspective in the approach to ASD.