Plan de negocio para el cultivo de cacao (Theobroma Cacao) bajo un sistema agroforestal en el municipio de Paz de Ariporo (Casanare)

Abstract

This document constitutes the proposal of a Business Plan to grow cacao (Theobroma Cacao) type export, applied to an agroforestry system combining the agricultural species of interest with the Creole plantain (Musa Paradisíaca) and the Bucare Ceibo (Erynthrina Poeppigiana), which They provide an ecological service to cocoa and are a source of income for the project, making it financially viable in the short term. For the development of agroforestry cultivation, 118 hectares of land are available, located in the rural area of the municipality of Paz de Ariporo, in the department of Casanare, whose climatic conditions and its proximity to optimal water sources for irrigation, are postulated as potential considerable for the production of seed cocoa with an export-type sensory and physicochemical profile. The Orinoquía region, and in particular Casanare has an extensive agricultural frontier, benefited by the presence of a large number of bodies of water (rivers, streams, streams and estuaries), however, the constitution of the substrate, in its Most of it is clay loam, it has always been a technical difficulty for farmers in the region, who in their practices find a solution in the monoculture of transitory or perennial species, such as rice and oil palm, which require the deforestation of the native forest of the high Amazon, the erosion of the soil due to its poor ecological use, erosion and the recent phenomena of drought that consequently seriously affect the economy of the llanera community. To this is added that, during the last 30 years, oil mining has been prolific in Casanare, covering 80% of the net income in the department, applying aggressive techniques and polluting ecosystems, mainly aquatic ones (Gobernación de Casanare, 2019). Due to the socioeconomic and environmental situation in the region, it is necessary to execute agroforestry projects that diversify agricultural production, generate an increase in the rate of occupation and employment, recover ecosystems, take care of water bodies and extend to considerable half-lives (30 to 35 years of agricultural production). Colombia's participation in the international cocoa market is low compared to other countries in the region, despite the fact that this agricultural product is of high value compared to other similes, and is highly demanded in Central and North America, and the countries of Western Europe. This circumstance becomes a window of opportunity to propose cocoa as an excellent option to be implemented in an agroforestry system, together with other endemic botanical species that provide ecological services to the planting of this seed, and that produce financial income in parallel. to the project. In its extension, this work develops an economic and feasibility study of the project, proposes the optimal arrangement to cover 6 of the 118 hectares arranged, analyzes the environmental impact of the cultivation of agro-forestry and presents a balance of costs and operation, which as a whole means the implementation of cocoa cultivation in an Agroforestry System.