Participación Política Femenina y Políticas de Igualdad de Género: Incidencia en la Representación Política de Mujeres en Colombia y México (2014-2024)

Abstract

The document analyzes the impact of gender equality policies on women's political representation in Colombia and Mexico between 2014 and 2024, employing a qualitative and comparative approach grounded in theories such as Nancy Fraser's gender justice and feminist neo-institutionalism. It focuses on examining the progress and limitations associated with the implementation of affirmative measures, such as gender quotas in Colombia and gender parity in Mexico, highlighting their influence on legislative and executive branches. In Colombia, the study emphasizes the growth in female representation in Congress, reaching 30% in 2022, though structural barriers persist, particularly at the local level. In Mexico, the 2014 reform transformed the political landscape, achieving near parity in legislative bodies, although regional executive levels still face significant challenges. The research, based on a documentary review of international, legislative, and academic sources, concludes that while policies have created opportunities for women in politics, factors such as gender-based political violence, cultural stereotypes, and the lack of robust enforcement mechanisms limit their effectiveness. The study underscores that achieving sustainable political representation requires not only adequate legal frameworks but also profound cultural changes that promote gender equality as a central axis in political decision-making.