Logística 4.0: análisis de estrategias para la optimización del proceso de distribución de última milla en multinacional del sector construcción

Abstract

This monograph analyzes the contribution of Logistics 4.0 to the last-mile distribution process of a multinational company in the construction sector operating in Colombia through a case study conducted at its Cartagena plant. Based on document review, interviews, and direct observation, gaps were identified in traceability, inventory management, supplier coordination, delivery performance, and information management. The findings revealed insufficient performance in key logistics indicators, as well as challenges arising from the lack of integrated technological systems. Based on this diagnosis, the potential application of Logistics 4.0 technologies was assessed, including the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, blockchain, RFID, machine learning, intelligent WMS/TMS systems, digital twins, and cloud computing. Three improvement strategies were proposed, with priority given to the implementation of IoT and the automation of photographic evidence during the loading process. According to the projections, this initiative could reduce the damage rate from 9.74% to 5% of dispatched tons and generate annual savings of approximately COP 931 million. However, resistance to change and lack of training were identified as the main barriers to technology adoption. In conclusion, the proposed strategies contribute to improving last-mile distribution performance and provide a reference framework for the digital transformation of construction companies in Colombia and Latin America. Keywords: Logistics 4.0, last-mile distribution, traceability, supply chain, construction sector, digital transformation.