Estrategias pedagógicas y didácticas mediadas por el arte y la lúdica que fortalecen el enfoque de educación intercultural en la propuesta formativa de una institución educativa en Pueblo Bello (Cesar) – Colombia

Abstract

One of the most outstanding characteristics of Colombia is its multicultural composition, which is largely based on the ethnic variety of the peoples that compose it since each of these has a unique value within the country, making significant contributions in the construction of the nation. Therefore, it is important to highlight that the term multiculturalism and all that it implies, is heard at the national level in all scenarios, and the educational field is one of them therefore, many times in educational practice cultural and ideological conflicts are evident, something that is common throughout Latin America and Colombia is no stranger to this. Therefore, the school must be that space that enables coexistence and the exchange of thoughts, where interculturality is highlighted as that instrument of intellectual advancement and peace. A nation that promotes multiculturalism is one that favors diversity that fights against segregation, racism and any sign of exclusion that is based on the interrelation of the different groups that compose it. But this implies training its citizens in interculturality, dialogue and respect, in order to offer minority groups the opportunity to cooperate from their cultural codes in a dialogue of equality, which uproots the ethnocentric, paternalistic or cultural relativism positioning. Therefore, an education oriented from interculturality is an education centered on man, and one of the most relevant challenges of the educational system in Colombia is to educate from humanism, from the recognition of the other as oneself. Therefore, in the Jorge Eliécer Gaitán School of the Municipality of Pueblo Bello, it is necessary to design pedagogical and didactic strategies that help strengthen the intercultural education approach in the formative proposal of the institution since it has a multiethnic population. One of the essential objectives of the teaching processes should be the training of students with a high social commitment, where their scientific knowledge is not part of the patrimony of their personal wealth only, but that of the whole society in general. It is therefore necessary to try to train a student who, in addition to possessing the aforementioned characteristics, is prepared to face difficult, contradictory situations, fight against individualism, competition, careerism and other difficulties that are typical of today's society, therefore, a teaching process focused on the transmission of knowledge merely without the practical application of the same is a limited and incomplete process, because the student does not have the necessary tools, strategies and relevant mechanisms that allow him to regulate his behavior and assume an active, reflective, conscious and responsible position in the decision making and solution of the problems that will be presented to him in life. Therefore, with the strengthening of the intercultural education approach at the Jorge Eliécer Gaitán School, students in a creative and innovative way will strengthen and strengthen their cultural identity as part of their life project. Likewise, it is relevant to keep in mind that educational contexts are fundamental for this purpose, because it is the foundation of much of the formation of the human being. Likewise, this research made it possible to develop a process that involved the interrelation between different cultures where respect, inclusion and tolerance prevail, in such a way that it was possible to design and implement pedagogical and didactic strategies that help strengthen the approach of intercultural education in the training proposal of the Jorge Eliécer Gaitán School of the Municipality of Pueblo Bello – Cesar, appealing to the qualitative methodology and methodological development of research through instruments such as observation, survey and field diary.