Estimación de una RM en prensa para pecho y levantamiento de cadera en universitarios de Bogotá, Colombia

Abstract

Muscle strength assessment is recognized as a fundamental indicator of physical capacity and athletic performance in various disciplines. One of the most widely used methods for measuring muscle strength is the estimation of one repetition maximum (1RM) in a specific exercise. 1RM is defined as the maximum weight a person can lift in a single repetition of the exercise. This method is essential in strength training, as it allows for predicting the maximum load an athlete can handle, serving as a key reference point for appropriate exercise prescription (MartínezCava et al., 2017). The importance of calculating 1RM lies in its ability to establish the specific strength and power requirements for a particular sport, facilitating the definition of realistic goals that maximize performance. Furthermore, knowing the 1RM is essential for determining an individual's maximum strength and power at a given time, as well as for monitoring changes in performance during a training program (GonzálezBadillo & Ribas, 2002). For example, studies have shown that strength training programs with intensities between 40% and 60% of 1RM for 10 weeks can improve maximal strength by between 6% and 42% (Pérez-Castilla & García-Ramos, 2018). The central problem addressed by this study focuses on the need to obtain specific data on 1RM estimation for two fundamental strength training exercises—the bench press and the hip thrust—in a particular population: university students in Bogotá, Colombia. While the relevance of 1RM is widely accepted in the field of strength training, reference values ​​and prediction equations can vary significantly among different populations due to factors such as age, training level, gender, and anthropometric characteristics. Therefore, there is a lack of specific information on the maximum strength estimated by 1RM in this Bogota university population for chest press and hip thrust exercises.