Propuesta de plan de mantenimiento preventivo para equipos comerciales en puntos de venta del sector alimenticio

Abstract

This study proposes a preventive maintenance plan for commercial equipment used in the Bogotá Norte district of a food retail company to improve operational reliability, reduce equipment failures, and optimize asset management. The research begins with a diagnosis of an existing maintenance strategy characterized by a predominantly corrective approach, as evidenced by historical data extracted from the Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS), where approximately 90% of maintenance activities were corrective and only 10% were preventive. This imbalance resulted in increased operational costs, reduced equipment availability, and inefficient allocation of technical resources.The proposed methodology integrates operational context analysis, a criticality assessment matrix, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), and Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) principles to prioritize critical assets and establish maintenance tasks according to their operational risk. In addition, reliability and maintainability indicators, including Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF), Mean Time to Failure (MTTF), Mean Time to Repair (MTTR), and the Corrective-to-Preventive Maintenance Indicator (ICP), were applied alongside Pareto analysis to identify the equipment responsible for the highest failure rates, particularly refrigeration systems that support the cold chain. The resulting preventive maintenance plan provides a structured framework for optimizing maintenance scheduling, strengthening the use of the CMMS, and improving equipment availability and reliability. The proposed strategy is expected to reduce maintenance costs, extend asset service life, minimize product losses, and enhance business continuity. Furthermore, the methodology offers a practical and scalable model that can be replicated across other operational districts and organizations within the food retail sector, supporting a transition from reactive to reliability-based maintenance management