Evaluación de la calidad del suelo por el empleo de agroquímicos, en sistemas productivos de arroz y plátano de la trocha cuatro del municipio de Granada (Meta).

Abstract

In this research, the chemical and biological properties of the soil were evaluated in two properties located on the fourth track of the municipality of Granada-Meta (Finca la Montaña and Pensilvania), where production systems associated with rice cultivation are developed (Oryza sativa ) and plantain (Musa AAB), in order to determine the influence of the application of synthetic agrochemicals throughout the development of the crop and the climatic season (rain and drought) on these properties. Prior to the analysis of the parameters, a characterization of gauge four was made in the municipality of Granada (Meta), where 2 modal farms were identified (La Montaña farm and La Pensilvania farm). In the La Montaña farm, 6 lots were selected, where the rice cultivation was developed and in the Pennsylvania farm 5 lots were selected, 4 with plantain cultivation and one in fallow state. Through the analysis and evaluation of the chemical properties (pH, organic matter, potassium and phosphorus) biological (presence of earthworm) and texture by Bouyoucos according to the values established in quality indicators, it was obtained that in the area where these productive systems were developed, the quality of the soil is low. Taking into account that in the two cultures the pH values ranged between 5 and 6.2, the potassium was very low and in the specific case of phosphorus only in the rice crop data was recorded above 40ppm, which is the value ideal for a good quality floor. With regard to organic matter, a high deficiency was found in the two farms (rice and plantain cultivation), in addition to the total absence of earthworm in rice cultivation and low presence in plantain. Now, taking into account the values obtained from the chemical and biological properties with their respective indicators, the soil of the fallow lot is of low quality, presenting lower pH values than the two cultivation areas. However, it should be mentioned that in the results of the count of earthworms and soil textures, a quality range of 10 was found, with respect to the established ranges of the farms with crops, which are below 6.6.