La obsolescencia funcional de edificaciones genera vacíos urbanos y deteriora el paisaje de ciudad

Abstract

The functional deterioration of urban buildings is an increasing phenomenon that directly affects the coherence of the urban fabric and the quality of the city landscape. In this context, functional obsolescence manifests itself through rigid, poorly adaptable, and energy-inefficient constructions, resulting from standardized building models and urban regulations that lack articulation with long-term planning. These conditions generate urban voids, homogeneous environments, and a loss of spatial identity, negatively impacting users’ comfort and well-being, as well as the perception and coherence of the urban environment. The main objective of this study is to propose design and urban management strategies that foster functional, sustainable, and adaptable buildings, capable of extending their useful life and improving their constructive performance, thus contributing to the regeneration of the urban landscape. Methodologically, the research follows a qualitative–descriptive approach, supported by documentary review, comparative case analysis, and the construction of cause–effect models through problem and objective trees. The main contribution of this work lies in identifying strategic guidelines that promote typological diversification and spatial flexibility, normative integration with sustainable urban design goals, and the implementation of efficient and durable construction technologies. These actions aim to guide the transformation of cities toward more resilient, coherent, and sustainable environments. In conclusion, addressing functional obsolescence from an integral perspective enables the recovery of urban vitality and strengthens the relationship between users, buildings, and the landscape, contributing to a more dynamic, equitable, and environmentally responsible city.