Caracterización de las Condiciones Ergonómicas sobre las Funciones Visuales en las Aulas de Instituciones Educativas, a partir de lo Reportado en Publicaciones en Español e Inglés

Abstract

Introduction: Recent studies have shown that visual difficulties can be a disadvantage for children in their learning process and, consequently, their visual health shows direct repercussions on their academic achievement. For this reason, it is pertinent to evaluate the ergonomic factors of the school population, for which it is necessary to take into account the conditions of the school classroom, since these can influence the visual health of schoolchildren in the short and long term. The visual difficulties could possibly be related to refractive, accommodative and motor defects that could be caused by inadequate visual ergonomic conditions. Objective: Analyze the effect of ergonomic conditions on visual functions in the classrooms of educational institutions, as reported in the literature. Methodology: It is a Secondary study of the Systematic review type, where the research is carried out in an observational and retrospective way, it is proposed to analyze and relate visual ergonomics and refractive, accommodative and motor defects in classrooms of educational institutions. Results: Articles are found that spoke of ergonomics and visual conditions in VDT users. The studies were conducted in countries such as: Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Cuba, the United States, Nepal, Africa, Indonesia, Chile and India. Conclusions: It was possible to show that the longer schoolchildren use VDT, the prevalence of asthenopic symptoms increases, thereby demonstrating that the use of optical correction with antireflection treatment decreases and can even completely eliminate visual symptoms.