Implementación de una microrred eléctrica para la gestión confiable del suministro energético según la prioridad de carga

Abstract

This document presents the design and implementation of an electrical microgrid in the Energy Laboratory of Universidad Santo Tomás, whose main objective was to ensure the optimal and reliable management of energy supply, prioritizing the attention of critical loads through the use of Distributed Energy Resources, such as photovoltaic solar panels, batteries and the conventional electrical grid. For the design stage, an optimal sizing was performed based on reliability criteria and minimization of operating costs, through a Mixed Integer Linear Programming model developed in Python with the PuLP library. This model considered variables such as the state of charge of the batteries, the temporal prioritization of critical and non-critical loads, as well as the dynamic behavior of the inverter charger and solar generation patterns. During the simulation and validation of the system, it was possible to maintain uninterrupted operation, making decisions in real time. The results show that a properly designed and monitored microgrid can offer high levels of energy reliability, especially at critical loads, even in resource-constrained scenarios. However, the implementation also highlighted the relevance of using appropriate devices for this application, given that certain operational restrictions arose due to the incompatibility or poor technical documentation of some components.