Esgrima en Silla de Ruedas: Avances en la Literatura Científica. Una Revisión Documental Exploratoria

Abstract

Wheelchair fencing, originally developed as a rehabilitation tool, combines social inclusion with athletic performance. Adapted from traditional fencing, it is characterized by its high technical and tactical precision, with anchored chairs compensating for lower limb immobility. Studies highlight its positive impact on muscle strength, coordination, and trunk control, which are key factors for stability and effectiveness in attack and defense movements. Muscle activation and coactivation in the trunk and arms are essential for maintaining balance and responding quickly during combat. Reaction times, influenced by high-intensity exercises, are critical, although they can be affected by accumulated fatigue. Gender differences and personalized training also play a role in performance. The environment impacts both the performance and health of athletes. Factors such as ventilation, equipment maintenance, and familiarity with the facilities can enhance focus and reduce risks of injuries or respiratory and dermatological issues. Regarding psychological well-being, an ethical attitude and team support strengthen resilience, a sense of belonging, and the ability to manage competitive stress. Additionally, strengthening programs, proper technique, and regular rest help prevent injuries, ensuring a sustainable sports career. Wheelchair fencing not only enhances physical performance but also promotes social inclusion and empowers athletes, establishing itself as a transformative discipline.