Sostenibilidad en el diseño y construcción de edificios escolares: un enfoque integral para la adaptación al cambio climático y el desarrollo de entornos educativos resilientes

Abstract

Sustainability in school buildings has become a transcendental issue for communities with respect to their development. Schools or educational institutions should not only be functional and aesthetic spaces, but should also tend to the care of ecosystems, the understanding of the susceptibility of the soil and the creation of educational environments resilient to global warming. Thus, the commitment to a comprehensive approach for the development of sustainable educational structures is born from the incorporation of strategies aimed at environmental sustainability. This research proposes to analyze and synthesize the scientific literature on sustainability in the framework of design, construction and adaptation of school buildings. In this way, a rigorous literature research is carried out following the PRISMA protocol to prioritize the existing approaches on the architectural horizon of educational institutions, where studies that address issues such as energy consumption reduction, thermal comfort, indigenous materials, water saving and bioclimatic design are selected. The systematic review provides evidence on the importance of sustainability in schools and approaches to adaptation, improvement and maintenance of existing structures. Schools with sustainable planning are not only physical spaces, but also pedagogical tools that educate future generations about the importance of environmental responsibility, fostering awareness, social responsibility and skills for a more viable future. These schools not only benefit the environment, but also have a positive impact on the quality of education, improving academic performance and promoting health and well-being, since they are an investment for the future, spaces that educate for life and form responsible citizens, committed to the environment and prepared to build a greener, more prosperous and sustainable future. It is expected that the research will provide recommendations for the implementation of these sustainability strategies in Puente Nacional, Santander improving the quality of education, reducing environmental impact and creating educational environments resilient to climate change.