Análisis de los riesgos ergonómicos presentes en trabajadores remotos en Colombia después de la pandemia de COVID-19 – revisión de alcance

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the ergonomic risks present among remote workers in Colombia after the COVID-19 pandemic, providing insights to strengthen preventive strategies in teleworking contexts. Using a qualitative approach and an applied documentary design, scientific articles, institutional reports, technical documents, and Colombian regulations published between 2019 and 2024 were reviewed. The content analysis was organized into categories such as posture, furniture, lighting, screen exposure time, and domestic work conditions. Findings showed that the most frequent ergonomic risks were prolonged static postures, non-adjustable furniture, inadequate lighting, and continuous screen exposure. These factors increased musculoskeletal disorders in the neck, back, shoulders, and upper limbs, as well as visual fatigue. Evidence also indicated that many Colombian households lack proper ergonomic conditions and that organizations do not always provide ergonomic guidance, training, or preventive measures for remote work. The discussion revealed that these results are consistent with national and international studies, while contributing novelty by examining the persistence of risks in the post-pandemic period. Recommendations include improving workstation setup, reorganizing work schedules, and strengthening institutional support within the Occupational Health and Safety Management System. In conclusion, remote work continues to pose ergonomic challenges that require timely interventions and further research through direct evaluations in home environments.