Diagnóstico y Análisis de las Patologías Presentes en el Bloque Central de la Plaza de la 28 de la Ciudad se Ibagué – Tolima

Abstract

This study examines the structural pathologies of the central block of Plaza de la 28, located in the urban area of the Municipality of Ibagué, Tolima. This building, over 64 years old, was not designed under current seismic-resistant regulations, prompting a critical technical evaluation of its stability. Visual inspections were conducted to identify, classify, and analyze the severity, origin, and type of lesions. The initial analysis highlighted the need for laboratory tests, including soil studies, sclerometry, ferroscan, and compressive strength testing through core extraction. The compressive strength results showed an average of 20 MPa, lower than the estimates from non-destructive tests, emphasizing the higher precision of destructive testing. Nonetheless, the central block complies with the NSR-10 standard, which requires a minimum of 85% of the initial design strength. Based on a normative design of 21 MPa, the minimum required value is 17.85 MPa, which the building meets. Soil studies (SPT testing with six borings) revealed an average bearing capacity of 1.3556 kg/cm² and a type D profile, indicating optimal conditions for load transmission and minimal settlement risks. The identified pathologies include primary and secondary lesions caused by roof deficiencies, such as water leaks and corrosion, affecting the first-level floor slab. Additional issues include drainage system malfunctions, with clogged gutters exacerbating mechanical and anthropic lesions. The authors propose recommendations to mitigate the identified pathologies and suggest developing future studies to model the building structurally. This report serves as a foundation for planning precise interventions, ensuring the long-term stability of the structure and preserving its cultural and socioeconomic importance for the municipality.