Hábitos saludables y componentes psicológicos que afectan a los cuidadores informales

Abstract

This research is based on the performance of the role of caregiver, it is understood that this role has a direct impact on the health of these people, most of these problems are related to depression, anxiety and overload.Especially when changes are made around the disease and the person who suffers from it, they sometimes damage the physical and psychological health of the person who performs the care. This work is carried out with the aim of evidencing the relationship between the life habits and knowledge of the primary caregiver, counteracting the negative effects caused by the role. It is shown from the research framework that consists of an exploratory design comparative sequence with qualitative emphasis (DEXPLOS). The sample consists of 20 informal carers between 20 and 65 years of age from the city of Bogotá. The type of sampling is fixed as the characteristics of the sample were determined a priori. The instruments used are GHQ-12 to measure cases of psychological distress (depression), ZARIT (overload), CRI-A (stress), a survey of healthy habits and a semi-structured interview to analyze the categories of patience, the relationships, experience and knowledge, taking into account that all applications were made at different times in the development of the work. First of all, the variables of malaise and Zarit were contrasted , secondly there are skills of care and patience – GHQ-12 in third experience - scientific knowledge - empirical knowledge - CRI-A and finally healthy relationships and habits. Concluding that the decline in states of stress, overload and depression, but not to a great extent as would have been thought, Although people manifested good habits of life it is also true that through tests and studies it is evidenced that they have overload, stress and depression. Considering now that the states of ability of care and patience presented a relationship of unidirectional causal manner these manifest to reduce the symptoms or the state of depression more not eliminating them in their totality. Finally, it was revealed that empirical and scientific knowledge as experience does neutralize the stress experience of the caregiver since his cognitive and behavioral actions handle a high degree of coping.