Revisión bibliométrica de las principales metodologías para la evaluación de impactos ambientales.

Abstract

This research carries out a bibliometric review of the methodologies used for the evaluation of environmental impacts, covering studies published between 2018 and 2024. 31 articles were selected from databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus and Scielo, highlighting qualitative, quantitative and mixed. The review identifies a predominant preference for mixed approaches, especially the use of the Conesa matrix and the Leopold matrix. Quantitative methodologies, such as the Battelle Columbus matrix, are valued for their precision in quantifying impacts. Regarding qualitative, tools such as cause-effect diagrams and life cycle analysis allow us to evaluate intangible aspects and human perceptions. The results show that the mixed methodology is the most used, representing 43% of the total studies, followed by quantitative and qualitative methodologies with 30% and 27%, respectively. The review concludes that the combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches offers a more comprehensive assessment of environmental impacts, facilitating informed and sustainable decisions in project planning and execution. This bibliometric synthesis provides valuable guidance for researchers and practitioners in selecting appropriate methodologies depending on the type of project and specific context.