Lecciones comparadas de la pobreza multidimensional: Análisis de las experiencias de México y Chile para enriquecer la estrategia de medición en Colombia

Abstract

This article presents a comparative analysis of the multidimensional poverty measurement models implemented in Mexico, Chile, and Colombia, aiming to identify lessons to strengthen Colombia’s Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). Drawing on Sen and Nussbaum’s capability approach, the Alkire-Foster method, and governance theory, the study examines how each country defines dimensions, deprivation thresholds, weighting schemes, data sources, and institutional review mechanisms. Methodologically, the research adopts a comparative case study design based on documentary review and qualitative analysis of institutional arrangements, normative frameworks, and participatory processes. The findings reveal three distinct models: Mexico has developed a legally binding MPI grounded in social rights and managed by an autonomous institution; Chile has introduced an innovative design incorporating relational dimensions, a life-course perspective, and broad deliberative participation; while Colombia maintains a technically consistent but infrequently updated model with limited participation and weak institutionalization. The study concludes that Colombia must enhance participatory governance, periodically revise dimensions and data sources, and incorporate emerging capabilities to ensure that its MPI remains relevant, legitimate, and effective in guiding social policy. Strengthening institutional mechanisms and broadening public deliberation are identified as essential steps for adapting the index to contemporary social, demographic, and technological changes.