Evaluación de conocimientos actitudes y prácticas de salud oral en gestantes antes y después de una intervención educativa en el puesto de salud Toledo Plata de Bucaramanga

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy is a physiological state of the woman, in which the organism and the oral cavity undergo a series of changes. These changes can significantly affect the oral health of the mother and the state of health of your baby. That is why oral health, promotion and prevention programs and the accompaniment of expert staff during pregnancy is extremely important to ensure that this stage develops in a balanced manner, thus contributing to the general health of the mother and the future baby. Objective: To determine knowledge, attitudes and oral health practices before and after an intervention with educational material aimed at pregnant women at the Toledo Plata health post. Materials and Methods: An uncontrolled clinical trial was conducted in which 20 maternal mothers who attended psychoprophylactic courses at the Toledo Plata health center were evaluated. Non-probability sampling was applied; Sociodemographic aspects, aspects related to pregnancy, oral health in pregnant women, with knowledge and beliefs, were evaluated with the evaluation of educational material and the variable related to the type of intervention. The data were processed by Stata 14, using summary measures according to the nature of the variables, for the qualitative proportions and / or ratios and for the quantitative measures of central tendency (mean and median) and dispersion (range, variance and standard deviation) and for the bivariate analysis X2 or Fisher's Exact for the qualitative variables and for the quantitative Student T or Wilcoxon Rank Test. For the entire analysis, a significance level of alpha () = 0.05 was considered. Results: The average age of the pregnant women was 25.6 ± 6.1 years. 9 (45%) were born in Bucaramanga and were from socioeconomic stratum 1. Pregnant women were on average 22.95 ± 8 weeks pregnant. 10 (50%) reported having carious teeth and 10 (50%) gingival bleeding. After applying the program, an increase in the use of oral hygiene elements and an increase in the frequency of their use were found in group B. Regarding knowledge and beliefs, before the intervention 8 (40%) pregnant women thought that for every pregnancy a tooth is lost and 5 (25%) after the intervention is applied. 4 (20%) maternal before the intervention thought that they should abandon dental treatment and after the intervention, all reported that they should not abandon dental treatment. Conclusions: Education is a strategy that is carried out for the promotion and prevention of oral health in all types of patients. However, during this stage, pregnant women are more receptive to all kinds of information that have to do with the good development of their future baby.