Formulación de un plan para la gestión y el aprovechamiento de los residuos sólidos urbanos en el municipio de Sáchica, Boyacá, Ecoparque "Hitchawaia"

Abstract

Worldwide, the generation and increase in the quantity and volume of urban solid waste - MSW, together with the inefficiency in management systems, have caused serious socio-environmental and health problems, which for decades have been the central focus to which governments and especially the general population seek to provide a solution through their disposal and treatment, starting with landfills and sanitary landfills, places for the disposal of waste without obtaining any benefit, until implementation more efficient and effective systems that contribute to the use and reincorporation of the same through circular economy guidelines, such as Ecoparks or Recycling Parks. When determining the socio-environmental and economic problems of the municipality of Sáchica due to the limited management and use of MSW, this project seeks to propose an alternative for the disposal and reincorporation of the usable MSW of the municipality of Sáchica - Boyacá, through of the formulation of the "Hitchawaia Ecopark", seeking to reduce the MSW that go to final disposal, implementing processes from the guidelines of the circular economy that contribute to the reincorporation of the same in new productive cycles and the sustainable development of the municipality. Through the collection and analysis of bibliographic information from the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan - PGIRS of the municipality of Sáchica (2016) and the field work carried out with the community and the Household Public Services Company of Sáchica - ESPDS, it was obtained the characterization regarding the type, quantity and source of the MSW generated in the municipality, and the social, economic and environmental diagnosis of the area through the logical framework matrix, giving rise to the design of the Hitchawaia Ecopark, with which the established that the best area within the municipality for the implementation and start-up of the same is in the center sidewalk by the Tunja - Chiquinquirá road, commercial and services area, in addition, the waste that will be used within it are plastic bottles, plastic , cardboard, paper, glass and metals, through reception, weighing, separation, classification, compaction or packing, storage and commercialization.