Nearshoring y eficiencia logística en la frontera norte de México: Análisis de la industria manufacturera en Sonora

Abstract

Title: Nearshoring and logistical efficiency in Mexico’s northern border: An analysis of the manufacturing industry in Sonora. Abstract: Introduction: Globalization has driven the reconfiguration of global value chains to reduce costs and respond to logistical disruptions recorded in recent years. In this scenario, nearshoring is consolidated as a key strategy to reduce vulnerabilities by relocating production in proximity to major consumer markets. This study explores the relationship between nearshoring and logistical efficiency in the manufacturing industry of the state of Sonora, Mexico, highlighting its strategic relevance to the United States market. Methodology: The research was developed under a qualitative approach, with an exploratory and descriptive scope. Data collection was carried out through direct observation and the recording of field notes during an academic visit to multinational companies located in Ciudad Obregon, such as Constellation Brands, Yazaki, Radiall, and HFI. Results: A highly specialized and technological industrial infrastructure was recognized, capable of seamlessly integrating companies into international production networks. The findings emphasize that logistics constitutes the core axis of operations, enabling an efficient flow of goods to the United States and significantly shortening delivery times. Conclusions: It is concluded that geographical proximity to the United States represents a key competitive advantage, as it improves the coordination and synchronization of supply chains. Industrial development in Northern Mexico, driven by foreign investment and the adoption of the nearshoring model, positions the region as a strategic hub within the North American productive ecosystem.