Estimación de la eficiencia de un sistema de energía eléctrica basado en paneles solares considerando variables ambientales en la ciudad de Bogotá

Abstract

Currently in the world there are a lot of technologies that are being used to take advantage of the solar energy, which is the most clean and abundant of the renewable energies. The technology most used in this field is the photovoltaic, where the most of the photovoltaic cells are made of silicon, which is one of the chemical elements more aboundant in nature. Of this technology mainly there are two types of photovoltaic cells of silicon, monocrystalline and polycrystalline. The efficiency of these cells is determinated for their manufacturers in contolled conditions and tipically is up to 14% in commercial panels. Besides of being low, the efficiency of the panels is afected by external factors, like the temperature or the humidity. For this reason there are several researches in differents regions in the world about the influence that have their own climate in the efficiency of the photovolaic panels. The present work has been made to find out the relationship between the efficiency of these two types of photovoltaics panels, monocrystalline and polycristalline, and the weather variation in the city of Bogota-Colombia. The power generated of two photovoltaic panels, one monocrystlline and one polycristalline, were collected during one month the 24 hours in condition of variant weather. At the same time it was implemented one wheater station that registered the variations of climatic variables like wind speed, temperature, humedity, irradiance and rain, in order to relate them with the generated power of each photovoltaic panel. Once with this information collected it was made one study with all the correlated variables through of the stadistic tool PCA (Principals Components Analisys) where it can see the impact of each climatic variable over the generated power in both panels and therefore its impact over the efficiency.