Entrenamientos de la fuerza en adolescentes. Una revisión sistemática

Abstract

Strength training (ST) in adolescents has sparked growing interest in the scientific community due to its potential benefits on physical development and long-term health. The objective of this systematic review was to describe strength training programs (STPs) in the adolescent population, considering key variables such as intensity, frequency, volume, and applied methods. The bibliographic search was conducted by consulting the Scopus, ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines and the PICO methodological framework to ensure the quality and transparency of the review process. The findings indicate that programs with a frequency of 2 to 3 sessions per week and a duration greater than 8 weeks produce significant improvements in explosive strength and body composition. Regarding key training parameters, intensity was determined to be an essential component for inducing significant physiological adaptations. Intensity was commonly measured as a percentage of the One-Repetition Maximum (1RM), and the most effective programs managed it progressively and personalized, using ranges that predominantly fell between 50% and 85% of 1RM. Intensity progression, monitored through Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scales or One-Repetition Maximum (1RM) percentages, is identified as a determinant factor for optimizing results. These findings support the inclusion of structured and supervised protocols in educational and sports settings, contributing to the consolidation of evidence-based recommendations for this population.