Propuesta metodológica para el fortalecimiento de la gestión de recursos en proyectos de construcción desarrollados por PYMES del sector privado en Bucaramanga, con base en los lineamientos del PMBOK Sexta Edición

Abstract

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the construction sector of Bucaramanga face significant limitations in managing human, material, and financial resources due to the absence of standardized processes and the predominance of empirical practices, which generate cost overruns, inefficiencies, and low competitiveness. In response, this research aimed to design a methodological proposal to strengthen resource management in private construction SMEs, taking as reference the guidelines of the PMBOK Guide – Sixth Edition and adapting them to the local context. A mixed-method approach was applied in three phases: the first characterized current practices through a documentary review and semi-structured interviews with 40 professionals; the second identified operational criteria and regulatory gaps by contrasting SME practices with international standards such as PMBOK, ISO 9001, and Lean Construction; and the third led to the design of a methodological guide structured in eleven chapters, with templates, flowcharts, and performance indicators, validated through a correspondence matrix linking empirical findings, normative frameworks, and proposed guidelines.Resu lts show that around 49% of SMEs manage their projects empirically, 63% rely solely on spreadsheets, and 70% do not apply formal risk or stakeholder management plans, evidencing a low level of organizational maturity. The proposed guide directly addresses these gaps and enables the integral optimization of all PMBOK-defined resource management processes—planning, estimating, acquiring, developing, leading, and controlling—thereby improving operational efficiency, reducing cost overruns, and strengthening the sustainability of local SMEs, with potential replication in other regional and national contexts.