Plan de prevención para mitigar los riesgos psicosociales y fortalecer la salud emocional de los docentes de educación pública básica primaria y secundaria en el distrito de Buenaventura

Abstract

Objective: To design a prevention plan aimed at mitigating psychosocial risks and strengthening the emotional well-being of public primary and secondary school teachers in the Buenaventura district. Content: The study analyzes the main psychosocial risk factors affecting teachers’ mental health, including work overload, stress, emotional exhaustion, unfavorable organizational conditions, and demands associated with the educational e nvironment. It also reviews international, national, and local evidence related to teachers’ mental health. Methodology: A compilation monograph was conducted using a qualitative and descriptive documentary approach. A systematic review of scientific literature published between 2020 and 2025 was carried out using databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, as well as institutional sources related to the Colombian teaching profession. Results: The review revealed that psychosocial risks are an increasing concern for teachers worldwide. The most common factors identified were work overload, pressure to achieve results, role ambiguity, lack of institutional recognition, a nd limited emotional support strategies. These factors are associated with occupational stress, anxiety, depression, and burnout syndrome. Discussion: The findings highlight the need to strengthen psychosocial risk management through preventive actions that promote emotional well-being and improve teachers’ working conditions, particularly in vulnerable contexts such as Buenaventura. Conclusions: A prevention plan is proposed to reduce psychosocial risk factors and strengthen teachers’ emotional health. Its implementation may improve quality of life, reduce absenteeism, and contribute to a healthier educational environment.