Modelo metodológico basado en Lean Manufacturing para la reducción de desperdicios en procesos de acabado de manufactura discreta.

Abstract

Waste management in finishing processes within discrete manufacturing systems represents a challenge for organizations due to the coexistence of multiple sources of loss and the lack of structured methodologies for their management. The objective of this research was to develop a methodology for the identification, prioritization, and management of waste through the integration of Lean tools, performance indicators, and organizational sustainability criteria. A qualitative research approach with a descriptive-propositional scope and documentary design was adopted, based on a systematic review of specialized literature on Lean Manufacturing, waste management, operational performance, and sustainability. Based on the findings, a Waste Prioritization Index (WPI) was developed using criteria related to frequency, economic impact, operational criticality, and control sustainability, which were subsequently integrated into the Lean Adaptive Methodology for Finishing Processes (LAMP-A) model. As a result, the most recurrent waste categories, performance indicators, Lean tools, and sustainability factors reported in the literature were identified. In addition, a multicriteria prioritization system and a methodological model composed of six dimensions were developed. The results show that the integration of operational, economic, and organizational criteria strengthens decision-making and promotes the sustainability of continuous improvement initiatives in discrete manufacturing environments.