Valoración de la incidencia de tres enfermedades de origen hídrico en los asentamientos ubicados sobre la franja de protección hídrica en las intersecciones de los tributarios del río Ocoa en Villavicencio, Meta

Abstract

Waterborne diseases represent a public health problem due to the low basic sanitation conditions of the inhabitants located on the water protection strip (FPH), who are vulnerable to exposure to pathogens present in contaminated water commonly used in daily activities of use and consumption. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the incidence of three waterborne diseases (Acute Diarrheal Disease or Acute Diarrhea, Typhoid Fever and Paratyphoid Fever) in the settlements located on the FPH of the Ocoa River in the city of Villavicencio, through a quantitative study with descriptive and correlational scopes where initially the settlements and tributaries under study were spatially identified, followed by the design, validation and application of a data collection instrument that allowed obtaining the frequency of the diseases; the análisis of the degree of association between these and the risk factors through the statistical test "Chi square coefficient" and the epidemiological measure "Relative Risk" and finally the calculation of the incidence rates for each disease and the microbiological tests of each of the wáter bodies of the study criteria zones by means of an expert laboratory; allowing to cover the problems to which the population is exposed due to the low wáter quality conditions and its affectations on health by its use and consumption. The main findings show that most of the established risk factors do have an epidemiological influence on the appearance of the waterborne diseases studied, denoting that their frequency varies depending on the nominal categories established for each factor. It is concluded that acute diarrheal diseases (AD and/or ADE) have the highest incidence of 1.82%, with children being the most affected population with 1.09% of ADE compared to 0.729% of AD.