Hubs logísticos de Brasil y su impacto en el comercio con Colombia

Abstract

This study analyzes the impact of Brazil's logistics hubs on the competitiveness of international trade with Colombia, focusing on the role of multimodal integration within logistics systems. The main objective was to determine whether the level of coordination among different transport modes influences logistics efficiency and international trade performance in both countries. The research was developed through a comparative analysis of the logistics structures of Brazil and Colombia, considering factors such as infrastructure, multimodal connectivity, logistics costs, and foreign trade performance. The study was supported by observations made during the International Seminar held in Rio de Janeiro, including a technical visit to the Port of Rio de Janeiro, complemented by a review of academic and institutional sources such as the World Bank, ECLAC, and ANTAQ. A descriptive and comparative methodology was employed, based on documentary analysis, direct observation, and the comparison of logistics indicators. Variables related to multimodal integration, operational efficiency, and international competitiveness were evaluated. The findings show that Brazil has developed a highly integrated network of logistics hubs, combining road, rail, and water transport systems, which contributes to lower logistics costs and more efficient cargo flows. In contrast, Colombia remains highly dependent on road transport and presents limited integration among logistics nodes, resulting in higher operating costs and reduced competitiveness. The discussion highlights that factors such as cargo volume and geographical conditions alone do not fully explain the observed differences. It is concluded that multimodal integration is a key determinant of logistics and trade competitiveness, positioning Brazil as a regional benchmark and emphasizing the need to strengthen logistics infrastructure, digitalization, and system integration in Colombia.