La paz como fundamento del desarrollo humano en la formación básica secundaria. Peace as the foundation of human development in secondary education.

Abstract

Peace is understood as a transcendental value that goes beyond the mere absence of violence, serving as the foundation for justice, equity, and harmonious coexistence. Thinkers such as Kant, Galtung, Gandhi, Mandela, and Muñoz conceive peace as a political, ethical, and social construction that encompasses both structural transformation and everyday practice. In education, peace is integrated transversally into the curriculum, and the school, as a key space for promoting a culture of peace based on human rights, democracy, and the peaceful resolution of conflicts, plays a central role. In Colombia, as a result of efforts to build peace as a nation, the Chair of Peace has been established, fostering dialogue, empathy, and critical thinking. Education for peace is oriented toward comprehensive human development cognitive, emotional, social, and spiritual and aims to form citizens capable of building just and inclusive societies. The research, using a qualitative and phenomenological approach, analyzes the experiences of students, teachers, and families regarding peace, in order to understand its meanings and generate transformative educational proposals. In this endeavor, the following elements were identified as essential to incorporate into the educational dynamic: the integration of peace as a cross-cutting axis of the curriculum, the development of socio-emotional skills, the implementation of strategies for the peaceful resolution of conflicts through an education that provides meaning to life, and, without a doubt, the continuous training of teachers and families in pedagogies for peace.