Revisión de los Sistemas de Producción de Humus con Altos Contenidos de Macronutrientes a Partir de Lombrices

Abstract

The earthworm humus is the product of the transformation of the metabolic processes of the earthworm, mainly containing macronutrients (N, P, and K) together with other microelements, besides containing humic acids, fulvic acids, and a rich beneficial microbial load. for the ground. The demand for soil macronutrients for the manufacture of fertilizers depends mainly on its availability in the market; for example, phosphorus is the most expensive mineral. This mineral as an agricultural input comes mostly from phosphate rock mining operations and it is estimated that by the year 2050 its offer will decrease. On the other hand nitrogen is used in formulations such as urea, a derivative of the oil industry. Obtaining agricultural inputs based on (N, P and K) negative impacts are generated on the environment which go from the beginning of the exploitation of the mineral to its post-consumption. For this reason, by manufacturing earthworm humus in a controlled manner, support is given to the management of organic solid waste because the vegetable remains whose final destination was the sanitary landfill are reincorporated into the production chain. Additionally, its proposing agrotechnological advances for the production of earthworm humus. At present, Eisenia foetida is used as a commercial species mainly for the production of earthworm humus. This species has shown a few selectivity for the substrate it consumes, influencing this in the final contents of important nutrients such as phosphorus or nitrogen. For this reason, this project focuses on investigating the different models of production of organic fertilizers using vermiculture, identifying the combinations of earthworm food, in order to highlight their potential to produce biofertilizer or earthworm humus with physical, chemical and microbiological that reduce the demand for fertilizers -based on minerals due to their differentiated characteristics of macronutrient content; For this purpose, It´s investigations were analyzed exhaustively and results were analyzed using the Snowballing technique. Obtaining as a research product 10 chapters that involve the assemblies, raw materials, materials, equipment, characterization techniques of earthworm humus and bioassays carried out as tests of its potential use, highlighting the interest by obtaining (N, P and K) in the different formulations used. It is reccomended to adress to the A annex where a complete summery about the earthworm humos poduction systems is found.