Comparación de la Institucionalidad del Sistema Pensional en Colombia, México y Chile y su Impacto en la Gobernabilidad

Abstract

In this article, the pension systems of Colombia, Mexico and Chile are analyzed in a comparative way, emphasizing the institutional structure of each pension system. In addition, it examines how the institutional framework can have a positive or negative impact on the governability of each country. The main source of this research are the sections published by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (CEPAL), through which the institutional framework, public spending and financial sustainability of the pension system were analyzed independently of Colombia, Mexico and Chile. However, in this article, each country is analyzed independently and integrated in a comparative way. It is worth mentioning that, of what ECLAC provided, only the institutional framework will be taken into account, since the main regulations and conditions established in each of the 3 Pension Systems will be analyzed and contrasted. Once the panorama of the institutionality is obtained, we proceed to analyze the most outstanding impacts on governance, with the purpose of highlighting the differences and similarities in terms of institutionality of each one of the pension systems of these three nations. The methodology that is developed is qualitative documentary, mainly, based on the information provided by ECLAC. It begins by exposing a regulatory context of each pension system and then begins to deepen the general conditions of each System. For this analysis, use is made of a data matrix that includes information such as background, regulatory framework, types of schemes and types of pension. Consecutively, some conceptual maps are exhibited that help to synthesize the institutional structure of the pension system in the countries of Colombia, Mexico and Chile. Finally, the relationship between governance and institutionality is analyzed and ends with the respective conclusions. Within the conclusions it is evident that despite the fact that each country handles different conditions, they have various aspects in common such as the pension modalities since in the 3 countries 3 types of pension are established: The old-age pension, the disability and survivor's pension. In addition, it is evident that both in Chile and in Mexico the pay-as-you-go pension method has ceased to be used and, therefore, their pension system is mostly; an individual savings system. Regarding Governance, it is concluded that it is closely linked to the institutional framework, since the institutions are a reflection of the style of each government and good governance will depend on the cooperation and interaction of the institutions to comply with a system as important as the pension.