Evaluación de las aguas residuales del sistema de alcantarillado mediante la normatividad de la resolución 631 De 2015, para la optimización de la PTAR en el municipio de Guamal-Meta.

Abstract

The municipality of Guamal - Meta has a wastewater treatment plant which is not currently operating, so no treatment is done to the municipal wastewater and it is for this reason that they are discharged directly into the Guamal river, causing a negative environmental impact on the water body and causing public health problems in inhabitants who have their homes downstream of the point of discharge, which is why a wastewater characterization of the municipality was carried out with the Public Services Company of Meta EDESA SA ESP, through monitoring in the dry season and others in wet or rainy season; in each season a 24-hour monitoring was performed on a business day and on a non-business day, with a total of 4 monitoring sessions in total.

Each monitoring consisted in the measurement of parameters in situ and ex situ; therefore, the monitoring of the dry season was carried out and analyzed by the TecnoAmbiental SAS laboratory and, on the other hand, the monitoring of the rainy season carried out and analyzed by the authors of the present work in the laboratories of the Santo Tomas University in Villavicencio. The monitoring was carried out directly at the point of discharge of wastewater, said point has two (2) pouring tubes, therefore punctual samples were taken during peak hours (3:00 a.m., 1:00 p.m., and 8:00 p.m. pm) and samples of each tube for 24 hours to make a composite sample for each tube to make an integrated sample.

The parameters that were measured in the field and in the laboratory presented the following concentrations between seasons: Flows from 141.97 L / s to 827,878 L / s, BOD from 42 mg / L to 72.6 mg / L, COD from 157 mg / L to 230 mg / L, pH from 6.29 units to 6.72 units, Temperature from 24.5 ° C to 25.28 ° C, Nitrates from 32.08 mg / L to 75.9 mg / L, Nitrites from 0.02 to 0.03 mg / L, Solids from 2.5 ml / L to 4 mL / L, Suspended solids of 58.3 mg / l 1590 mg / l, Total solids 960 mg / l 5560 mg / l, Fats and Oils 22.6 mg / l 7920 mg / l and Fecal and Total Coliforms 2419600 NPM / 100ml. On the other hand, the parameters measured in peak hours have the following concentrations: Flows of 440.474 L / s to 810.282 L / s, BOD of 52.2 mg / L to 226.67 mg / L, COD of 153.61 mg / L to 533.64 mg / L, pH of 6.18 units at 6.38 units, Temperature from 24.2 ° C to 25.4 ° C, Nitrates of 29.97 mg / l to 46.10 mg / l, Nitrites from 0.02 to 0.08 mg / l, Solids of 1.5 ml / l to 4 ml / l, Solids Suspended from 970 mg / la 1640 mg / l, Total solids 3300 mg / la 5460 mg / l and Fats and Oils 60 mg / la 1000 mg / l.

With the results obtained in the samplings carried out, the correlations of independent variables and dependent on the factorial design 22 were determined, to carry out the corresponding analyzes and proposed wastewater management for the optimization of the WWTP of the Municipality of Guamal-Meta. These are the following: recover all existing treatment systems and expand in the same proportions, that is: implement three sludge sweepers, three disinfection tanks and three sludge drying beds, as long as the periods of purge to maintain the concentration of SSLM at the optimal state value.