Monitoreo de salud estructural de puentes: del IMT a Colombia

Abstract

Bridges are critical infrastructure whose failure entails severe human and economic losses, as demonstrated by the collapses of the I-35W in Minneapolis (2007), the Morandi viaduct in Genoa (2018), and the Chirajara bridge in Colombia (2018). Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) addresses this risk through sensor networks, continuous data acquisition, and structural response analysis, enabling the detection of damage at its progressive levels and guiding evidence-based preventive maintenance. This work systematizes the experience of the international academic mission to the Mexican Transportation Institute (IMT), located in Sanfandila (Querétaro, Mexico), and to its Bridge and Intelligent Structures Monitoring Center (CeMPEI), with the emblematic case of the El Carrizo cable-stayed bridge, under periodic monitoring since 2021 through fiber optic (FBG) instrumentation. The IMT methodology is analyzed —sensors, parameters, data acquisition, modal analysis, finite element model calibration, and decision criteria— and its potential application in Colombia is assessed through a four-phase systematization of experiences approach: documentation of the visit, state of the art, comparative analysis IMT–Colombia, and formulation of recommendations aligned with the CCP-14 Colombian Bridge Code and the INVÍAS manuals.