Especialización Finanzas

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11634/101

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Implicaciones del uso de chatgpt como herramienta pedagógica en el proceso de aprendizaje de estudiantes del programa de administración de empresas
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-05) Lindarte Carrillo, Felipe Alejandro; Escandon Rivera, Cristian Alejandro; Rangel Jiménez , Sander Alberto; Universidad Santo Tomas; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000379050; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8010-5643
This article evidences the implications of the use of artificial intelligence, specifically ChatGPT, as a pedagogical tool in the learning process of students enrolled in the Business Administration program at Universidad Santo Tomás. The accelerated incorporation of generative artificial intelligence tools in higher education has transformed study habits and academic dynamics, particularly in the development of activities such as essays, summaries, critical analyses, and the construction of arguments. The objective of this research is to describe the current reality of learning with the use of ChatGPT in the university context of the Business Administration program, as well as to identify the main factors that motivate its use among students and to establish an analytical basis that allows for understanding its impact on formative processes. The study follows a quantitative–descriptive approach, through the application of structured surveys administered to students across different semesters throughout the academic program. The results evidence a widespread use of ChatGPT among students, especially for the development of academic assignments such as essays, summaries, critiques, and argumentative tasks. Likewise, a high level of theoretical dependence on the tool is identified, associated with factors such as the immediacy of obtaining responses, time optimization, and the perceived ease of fulfilling academic requirements. Based on these findings, propositional guidelines are formulated aimed at promoting a conscious, ethical, and pedagogical use of artificial intelligence in the learning process, with the purpose of strengthening academic autonomy, stimulating critical thinking, and contributing to the development of formative competencies aligned with the current challenges of higher education.
Del éxito global a la estrategia nacional: Un análisis de modelos de educación financiera para el contexto colombiano
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-06) Lugo Florez, Daniel Felipe; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001706338; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2899-8066
Low financial literacy in Colombia is presented as an insurmountable barrier to economic development and social equity, as the population lacks the necessary skills for informed decisions on saving, investment, and risk management. This study aims to critically analyze the financial education models and strategies implemented in countries with advanced financial markets (United Kingdom, United States, Australia, Japan, and New Zealand). The research uses a documentary, qualitative, and comparative approach, supported by a systematic literature review. Successful international models demonstrate that inter-institutional articulation, continuous impact measurement, the inclusion of financial education in the school curriculum, and audience segmentation are essential for financial well-being. The comparative analysis reveals that, although Colombia has made progress with the National Strategy for Economic and Financial Education (ENEF), the country faces structural limitations, such as fragmented governance, the absence of systematic diagnostics, and weak monitoring of results. It is concluded that the main challenge lies in transforming dispersed efforts into a coherent, articulated, and sustainable national system. Therefore, the paper proposes strategic recommendations, including the need to strengthen institutional governance through a single coordinating body, incorporate financial education compulsorily and transversally into basic education, adopt clear population segmentation, create an integrated national measurement system (utilizing, for example, ICFES/Saber tests), and establish a sustainable multi-year financing model. The objective is to improve the financial well-being of Colombian households and build a fairer and more resilient economic environment.
Análisis del ROE, liquidez y endeudamiento como indicadores de salud financiera en almacenes Éxito S.A (2024)
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-12-15) Carvajal Fuentes, Heidy Tatiana; Fierro Celis, Fernando Adolfo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001486266; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002077786; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=9Hnz9bEAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1593-6226; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7276-8981
Almacenes Éxito belongs to the retail sector in Colombia. Its tax identification number (NIT) is 890.900.679-4, and its economic activity corresponds to code 4711, related to retail sales in large-format establishments (hypermarkets and supermarkets) (REGISTRONIT, 2025). This sector is fundamental to the economy, with constant demand representing 10% of the national GDP (Aguilera, 2024), but with reduced operating margins. Currently, there are six mass consumer goods companies listed on the Colombian stock exchange (BVC, 2025), including Almacenes Éxito. Many companies face challenges in financial management, such as fluctuations in return on equity (ROE), liquidity problems, and debt levels that can compromise their stability. However, there is a gap between the traditional use of these indicators and their actual capacity to diagnose financial health in a competitive and volatile environment. Recent studies show that while the sector's average ROE is around 12%, Almacenes Éxito S.A.'s is around 6.75% (Yahoo Finance, 2025), suggesting inconsistencies in capital efficiency. Furthermore, the sector's current liquidity varies considerably; while some companies maintain ratios above 1.5, others operate at the limit, negatively impacting the liquidity available to meet their short-term obligations. These disparities indicate that interpreting these indicators in isolation can lead to erroneous diagnoses. Without developing an analytical framework that contextualizes these indicators, companies could make decisions based on distorted data: for example, cutting investments to improve short-term ROE, which would affect their future growth, or underestimating liquidity risks during times of crisis. This would increase the sector's vulnerability to economic shocks, such as inflation or changes in consumer habits. Given this situation, the following critical question arises: How should the ROE, liquidity, and debt indicators be interpreted to accurately assess the financial health of Almacenes Éxito S.A. in 2024?
PROPUESTA DE DISEÑO DE PLAN DE NEGOCIO POR LA EDUCACIÓN DE LA NIÑEZ EN BOYACÁ “RECUERDAME”
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-10-29) GALVIS PABON, CRISTHIAN GILBERTO; IGUA PULIDO, YULIETH ROCIO; Universidad Santo Tomas
Recuérdame is an innovative, socially driven proposal that transforms the traditional act of sending flowers at funerals into donations of school supplies for underprivileged children. This thesis introduces an initiative that redefines mourning, turning it into an act of solidarity and hope, with a positive impact on emotional, educational, and community levels. In a context where funeral rituals often revolve around fleeting and costly symbols, Recuérdame offers a meaningful and sustainable alternative, allowing grief to be channeled into a concrete action with social value. The research analyzes the feasibility of the project from multiple dimensions: cultural, economic, logistical, and scalability. It also explores the operational model, market segmentation, strategic partners, value proposition, and key entry barriers. Grounded in an ethical, innovative, and deeply human approach, Recuérdame is not just a business project—it is an invitation to rethink our cultural practices and actively contribute to social transformation through the way we say goodbye.
Consecuencias en la capacidad adquisitiva de las personas de estrato dos (2) en Bogotá por la utilización de instrumentos de crédito: Caso tarjeta de crédito Codensa.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-12-13) Montoya Arenas, Daniela; Cotrino Sossa, Jin Antony; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000869775
In Bogotá, individuals in socioeconomic stratum 2 face difficulties accessing financial services. The Codensa credit card emerges as an easily obtainable option, linked to the electricity service, which simplifies the application process. However, this ease of access can lead to misuse of credit, especially in households with low levels of financial education. Lack of understanding about how the card works creates risks of over-indebtedness, which are exacerbated when it is used to maintain social status or respond to emotional impulses without considering its impact on the monthly budget. In lower-income strata, credit is mistakenly perceived as additional income, compromising economic stability and fostering dependency to cover basic needs. Existing studies (Arango & Cardona Sosa, 2019; Ramírez Duarte, 2015) analyze factors such as income, gender, and age but overlook financial education, which is essential for responsible use. Therefore, it is necessary to assess how the use of the Codensa card affects the purchasing power of households in stratum 2 and to promote financial education to prevent negative impacts on their economic well-being.
Impacto de la Banca Electronica en la Satisfacción del Cliente del Banco Popular Av Chile
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-11-06) Quiroga Ayala, Diana Ximena; Bravo Reyes, Juan Hernando; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000666912; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ZvJW-b4AAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8540-1601
This research aims to determine the level of satisfaction among users of Banco Popular AV Chile's online banking service. Through a quantitative methodological analysis and the application of Slovi's formula to determine the sample size, based on a questionnaire, information was collected, organized, analyzed, and consolidated. The results demonstrate that the application of this digital tool in everyday banking transactions is a strategy that enjoys great acceptance and popularity among users, and is becoming increasingly necessary and indispensable.
Las Apuestas Deportivas y las Billeteras Digitales en la Cadena Economica
(Universidad Santo Tomás) Baez Briceño, Jairo Alexander; Castillo Castro, Norha Ismaelia; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000802123; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=sdREdJsAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9544-053X
The study examines the impact of online sports betting, which is notable for its increasing levels of participation. In the year 2024, the participation rate stands at 3.2%. Compared to previous figures, there has been an increase of up to 1.9% compared to 2017, when the rate was 1.3%. This growth is attributed to the emergence of digital platforms that make access to online gambling easier. The convenience of being able to place bets from anywhere, at any time, increases the risk of gambling-related disorders, including gambling addiction and match-fixing. Regulatory strategies to address these issues and promote a safe and responsible gambling environment are continually discussed. The study focuses on the importance of collaboration between the government, the gambling industry, and sports organizations to mitigate risks and protect the betting community. By 2025, the gaming industries in Colombia implemented a 19% tax, as established by Decree 0175 of 2025 issued by the national government. This tax is not applied to the winnings, but rather to the deposits made by users on the platform.
Sensibilización del uso de healthtech en la atención de pacientes de alta complejidad en la Fundación Cardioinfantil
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-07-07) Bautista Velasquez, Antonic Kevin; Castillo Castro, Norha Ismaelina; Universidad Santo Tomás
This study analyzes the institutional, operational, and cultural barriers faced by Fundación Cardioinfantil – Instituto de Cardiología (La Cardio) in adopting health technologies (Healthtech), and their impact on the care of high-complexity patients. Based on a comprehensive literature review and professional insights from the healthcare sector, the study identifies key limiting factors such as resistance to change, lack of interoperability, weak digital leadership, and the absence of formal evaluation processes. A sensitization plan is proposed for hospital decision-makers, which integrates training strategies, expert support, and collaborative spaces. The proposal aims to foster a culture of innovation, enable sustainable digital transformation, and strengthen La Cardio’s capacity to deliver safe, efficient, and patient-centered care. The findings demonstrate that overcoming these barriers not only enhances clinical quality but also improves operational efficiency and economic sustainability in hospital settings.
Cebolla Shield: Protección Inteligente Para Cultivos De Cebolla Mediante El Entrenamiento De Sistemas Expertos
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024) Martinez Romero, Juan Sebastian; Urbina Forero, Fabian Andres; Castillo Castro, Norha; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000802123; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=sdREdJsAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9544-053X
This article attempts to propose an early detection system for fungal diseases in onion crops based on technologies such as artificial intelligence. By analyzing onion production and consumption data in the municipality of Samacá, Boyacá, it will be argued that expert systems technology could contribute to the early detection of possible fungal infections, avoiding the spread of the disease through crops, as well as the excessive use of agrochemicals that may affect the crop and the territory. By using this technology, a path could be paved towards achieving the goal of zero hunger, with a view to achieving food sovereignty.
Pasantía: herramientas tecnológicas para innovación de datos
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-08-03) Rosado Cantillo, Karina Patricia; Cueto Fuentes, Eduardo Nicolás; Universidad Santo Tomas
The purpose of the internship is an opportunity to apply and develop the knowledge acquired and be able to apply it in the real work environment, knowing the different financial tools and concepts, as well as business management or business administration, activities, processes and functions. . that are carried out to plan, organize, direct and control the resources and activities of the organizations of the country to visit. The Scope is to build a network of contacts and establish connections with industry professionals, colleagues and supervisors, with the aim of better understanding the expectations and demands of the professional world and promoting the development of skills of each of the professionals who participate in the internship.
Plan Prospectivo Estratégico de la Empresa de Servicios Públicas de la Argentina Huila EMPUARG SA ESP 2024-2027
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-07-22) Urdaneta Ramírez, Joana Patricia; Rendón Vargas, Jessica; Solorza Sánchez, Paula Andrea; Sierra Arias, Dario Alfonso
The Public Utilities Company was created in 2008 as a public limited company, with the Municipality of La Argentina as its main shareholder. Its mission is to provide Aqueduct, Sewerage, and Waste Collection services in the Municipality of La Argentina, Huila, with administrative, financial, and patrimonial autonomy. Operating under Law 142 of 1994 and the supervision of the CRA and the Superintendence of Public Utilities, the company seeks to address its main challenge: limited financial capacity and the need to expand infrastructure and coverage. The current strategic plan identifies scenarios and proposes seeking external financial support to cover these needs. The lack of investment could affect service provision and regulatory compliance, especially in the construction of the WWTP (Wastewater Treatment Plant) and the expansion of coverage in rural areas. It is vital to implement prospective plans and maintain solid administrative and financial management to face these challenges and avoid future financial problems.
Tendencias y enfoques emergentes en la educación financiera en la Infancia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-07-22) Ardila Niño, Sandra Milena; Muñoz Marín, Catherine; Patiño Vanegas, Juan Camilo; Universidad Santo Tomás
Financial education is the process of acquiring an understanding of financial concepts and products, developing skills through information and instruction to make better decisions, evaluate risks and take advantage of financial opportunities. Its relevance lies in improving the quality of life by providing peace of mind through intelligent and informed financial decisions. Among the needs for the development of this research, it is important to recognize how science has evolved in terms of financial education; therefore, the objective of this article is to identify the emerging trends in children's financial education. The problem identified lies in the lack of financial tools and understanding in children, which could result in financial difficulties in adulthood. This underscores the urgency of promoting financial education from an early age to boost individual well-being and contribute to sustainable economic development. The overall objective is to identify emerging trends in children's financial education from bibliometric results. To carry out the study, an exhaustive search was conducted in the Scopus database, generating 223 results of articles published between 1996 and 2023. In addition, the Vos Viewer tool was used to perform a bibliometric network analysis, identifying thematic patterns, relationships between authors and countries, as well as thematic and country relationships.
Recomendaciones para la construcción de una política pública de discapacidad e inclusión social en Capitanejo, Santander 2023-2033
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-07-10) Mancilla Rosas, Nancy; Romero Arciniegas, Wilfred Alonso
The objective of this research is to establish a series of recommendations for the construction of a public policy to improve the quality of life of people with disabilities in the municipality of Capitanejo, Santander. To achieve this, a mixed methodology was proposed, using a characterization survey directed to families with disabled people as instruments to collect information, in addition to interviewing two public officials and three people in charge of their care, and finally, a bibliographic review of the norms on disability was carried out. Statistical techniques were used to analyze the information from the survey, while the interviews were subjected to a discourse analysis. It was possible to conclude that in the municipality of Capitanejo there is a significant number of people with disabilities, with a low educational level, who do not receive help from the municipal administration, which is why it is important to design and implement a public policy to improve their quality of life.
Análisis de la Ejecución Presupuestal de los Programas de Primera Infancia del ICBF Regional Meta en el período 2019-2022
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-05-02) Caro Rubio, Magda Nathalie; Pabón Chinchilla, Ana Doris
This project analyzes the budget execution of the Early Childhood programs of the ICBF Regional Meta, during the period 2019 - 2022. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency, identifying the factors that will affect the budget execution and the impact that was generated in early childhood programs, in order to lead academia and decision-making based on evidence. Likewise, some recommendations are proposed to contribute to improving the quality and scope of these programs. The methodology implemented was qualitative, favoring the interpretation of the financial and contextual components that will affect budget execution during this period, applying a descriptive and investigative approach, through data collection, application of interviews, data analysis to understand the behavior of budget execution. The analysis of budget execution resulted in effective management of financial resources. It was identified that some factors such as changes in government policies, socioeconomic contexts and Internal Coordination influenced budget execution. The impact on the comprehensive development of early childhood programs can improve if a constant analysis and evaluation is carried out in the distribution of resources and their effectiveness in priority programs. In addition, it is recommended to strengthen Internal Coordination, optimize budget allocation, continuous staff training, community participation and implementation of technological innovation.
Influencia del marketing en la toma de decisiones en las instituciones de educacion superior (IES)
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-04-17) Hernandez Barrera, Maria Paula; Rocha Sabogal, Paula Andrea; Zuluaga Huertas, Juan Pablo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001481700; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=9lJtfekAAAAJ&hl=es&authuser=1; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/gruplac/jsp/visualiza/visualizagr.jsp?nro=00000000018849; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2638-0462
Marketing plays a key role in how colleges present themselves, attract students, build relationships with parents, and improve academic rankings; That is why the current importance of Millennial customers/students, who now represent the majority of the population, is equally marked by technology. an important milestone in their lives, defining new forms of work, social and educational interaction. Therefore, the most appropriate way to retain them is to develop a lasting, committed and ongoing relationship. Marketing for higher education institutions includes a variety of strategies and tools whose primary goal is to influence students' and parents' decisions about choosing a college. One of those strategies is emotional marketing, which is based on creating emotional experiences and connections with students and parents. Through moving messages and advertising campaigns that highlight the values and identity of the university, we seek to generate an emotional bond with future students. Likewise, relational emotional marketing also plays an important role in HEIs. This strategy focuses on building and maintaining strong relationships with students and higher education institutions. Keywords: Marketing, Decision making, University, Education, Brand experience, Advertising, Consumer, Expertice, Formal education, Selection
Análisis Financiero por Medio de Índices e Indicadores
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-01-17) Monroy Rodriguez, Federico; Rivera Lozano, Miller; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000966703; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=NjwQCzUAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5257-8400
This study examines the effectiveness of financial indicators in assessing companies' financial health. The main aim is to determine if financial indicators can accurately predict long-term economic stability. The methodology involved a retrospective analysis of financial indicators across various companies. Findings revealed a significant correlation between specific financial indices and long-term stability, notably in return on assets and debt-to-equity ratio. Conclusions suggest these indicators provide valuable insights into a company's financial health yet require a holistic assessment alongside contextual factors. This abstract underscore the importance of financial indicators as predictive tools while emphasizing the need to consider other aspects in business evaluation.
Efectos de la pandemia en las capacidades adquisitivas de los colombianos
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-01-15) Torres Romero, Laura Alejandra; Baquero Osma, Jairo Andres; Rivera Lozano, Miller; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000966703; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=NjwQCzUAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5257-8400
This research focuses on analyzing and understanding the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the purchasing power of the Colombian population. The study involved collecting and analyzing economic data. Initially, key economic variables that influence purchasing power, such as employment, income, inflation, and interest rates, were examined. A notable increase in unemployment rates during the pandemic period was observed, which directly impacted the income of Colombian families and consequently their consumption capacity. Moreover, the study analyzed inflation and its relationship with purchasing power. The fluctuation in prices of essential goods and services significantly affected low-income households, diminishing their purchasing power and adversely impacting their quality of life. The research also delves into government measures implemented to mitigate the economic effects of the pandemic, including social assistance programs and tax policies. The effectiveness of these measures and their impact on the economic recovery of the population was evaluated. Lastly, the long-term implications of the pandemic on purchasing power were discussed, emphasizing changes in consumer behavior, business adaptation, and the necessity for sustainable economic policies for prolonged recovery. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive overview of how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the purchasing power of Colombians, identifying challenges and opportunities for economic recovery. Understanding these effects is essential for informing authorities, businesses, and citizens about the necessary measures to forge a more resilient economic future.
Tendencias de la Educación Financiera: un Mapeo Científico.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-01-12) Silva Correa, Karol Andrea; Patiño Vanegas, Juan Camilo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000060491; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=MmOMdVcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8334-9296; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7486-1217
This research paper exposes the trends in financial education at the educational level and its definitions over time, contrasting with related terms such as financial literacy and financial capability. A contrast is made in different countries and their strategies implemented over time for financial education and the consequences of the lack of this education in Colombia are explored. To carry out this development, a study process known as bibliometric analysis was used, which was based on the collection and evaluation of data from specialized sources such as Scopus and Vosviewer. The results obtained include aspects such as the identification of the most prominent authors in the field, the countries with the greatest relevance in the research, as well as the institutions that have had a notable presence in the publication of these studies and those that have acted as support for this research. These results underscore the crucial importance of this field both at the individual level and for national progress. It is evident that, from basic to higher education, it plays a determining role. Not only does it provide the essential tools to make effective decisions and promote personal economic development, but it is also established as a fundamental strategy to prevent future financial crises. Furthermore, it highlights the connection between these crises and the lack of generalized knowledge when making financial decisions.
La Importancia de las Fintech en la Inclusión Financiera en Colombia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-11-27) Nuñez Correa, Lizeth Natalia; Vanegas Danderino, Nicolás; Rivera Lozano, Miller; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000966703; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001736797; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=NjwQCzUAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5257-8400; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0482-0829
This project focuses on analyzing the impact of Fintech as key tools to address the financial inclusion gap in Colombia. Despite sustained economic growth, more than 50% of the Colombian adult population lacks access to traditional financial services. The research will be based on a dual methodology that combines an exhaustive documentary review and the implementation of a national survey. The documentary review will thoroughly explore academic sources, government reports and data from financial institutions, focusing on trends, regulations and previous studies related to the adoption of financial technologies in Colombia. This review will provide a solid context to understand the evolution of Fintech in the country and its impact on financial inclusion. Simultaneously, a structured survey will be carried out aimed at virtual wallet users in Colombia. This survey will collect quantitative and qualitative data on users' experience, their perceptions of the usefulness of virtual wallets, and the perceived impact on their financial inclusion. The combination of these approaches will provide a complete and up-to-date understanding of the effectiveness of Fintech, specifically virtual wallets, as catalysts for financial inclusion in the Colombian context. This study reveals the vital importance of virtual wallets in Colombian financial inclusion. Rapid adoption, evidenced by 300% growth in the last five years, and the participation of 40% of previously excluded users underline its significant contribution. The combination of research methods offers a comprehensive perspective, highlighting the continued need for these technological solutions to address economic and geographic challenges, positioning Colombia for a significant financial transformation.
Impacto de la Inestabilidad Económica de Colombia en las Oportunidades de Negocios de Emprendimiento. Pre y Post Pandemia (2020 – 2023)
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-11-24) Malambo Ladino, Eliana Paola; Marquez Guancha, Jenny Liliana; Rivera Lozano, Miller; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000966703; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=NjwQCzUAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5257-8400
This work provides a comprehensive approach to analyze how economic instability in Colombia impacts entrepreneurs and their business opportunities. It also seeks to understand how entrepreneurs were affected pre and post pandemic (2020 -2023). It begins by defining economic instability as unpredictable fluctuations in key indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the consumer price index (inflation), the unemployment rate, the value of foreign currency compared to the domestic currency (exchange rate ). ) and the percentages applied on loans and investments (interest rates). These indicators serve as signals of economic problems and generate uncertainty in the business environment. Entrepreneurs, for their part, are defined as individuals who identify market opportunities, assuming financial and personal risks to create new businesses. Their role in the economy is crucial, as they drive innovation, competition and economic growth. Economic instability can make planning and decision-making difficult for both individuals and companies, affecting investment, employment, consumption and the confidence of economic actors, including entrepreneurs. Despite the challenges it presents, economic instability can also offer opportunities for those entrepreneurs who can adapt effectively to changing circumstances. Constant innovation is a distinctive characteristic of the entrepreneur, allowing them to disrupt established market cycles and generate profits, although these tend to decrease over time as others copy the innovation. Ultimately, entrepreneurs play a critical role in a country's economic progress, fostering job creation, innovation and diversification of the economy, even in unstable economic environments.

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