Especialización Derecho Penal y Procesal Penal

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11634/139

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El Testigo Único En El Proceso Penal Colombiano: Coherencia Del Relato, Corroboración Periférica Y El Estándar De Prueba Más Allá De Toda Duda Razonable.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-21) Vega Valencia, Keven Steve; Universidad Santo Tómás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002040602; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=JSdLjLUAAAAJ&view_op=list_works; https://orcid.org/my-orcid?orcid=0000-0003-1820-2367
This article claims to analyze the validity and limitations of convictions based on a single witness testimony in the Colombian criminal justice system, particularly in crimes where the victim is the primary or sole source of evidence. Through a doctrinal, jurisprudential, and analytical study, the criteria that must be met for a single testimony to constitute a reliable and sufficient source for a conviction are examined. The methodology includes an analysis of relevant judgments, as well as a review of legal doctrine and principles, to establish a rigorous standard of evaluation. The results demonstrate that Colombian jurisprudence allows for convictions based on a single witness, provided that the testimony withstands rational scrutiny and is supported by other evidence that reinforces its reliability. In conclusion, the article argues that a conviction based on a single witness testimony is legally legitimate if it meets the requirements of substantial coherence and peripheral corroboration, thus guaranteeing respect for the presumption of innocence and the rationality of the Colombian criminal justice system.
Rol Indicio Inferencia Razonable Autoría Participación: Tensiones Entre Eficacia Penal y Presunción Inocencia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-22) Arévalo Cifuentes, Kevin David; Bernal León, Manuel David; Riveros Cruz, Julian Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This paper critically analyzes the role of circumstantial evidence in the Colombian criminal process, with particular emphasis on the tensions that arise between its usefulness in reconstructing events and the need to safeguard the presumption of innocence as a fundamental guarantee of due process. From a legal-constitutional perspective, the logical structure of circumstantial evidence—base facts, inferential link, and circumstantial fact—is examined, and the risks that arise when these elements are not properly established, explained, and justified in judicial decisions are highlighted. The study identifies that one of the main problems in judicial practice lies in the overvaluation of isolated or ambiguous circumstantial evidence, as well as in the construction of inferences that do not rule out alternative hypotheses compatible with innocence. These shortcomings can lead to decisions that seriously affect fundamental rights, based on speculative or insufficiently justified reasoning. In this regard, it is emphasized that circumstantial evidence, by its indirect nature, requires reinforced standards of motivation, rationality, and argumentative control to prevent it from becoming a mechanism for unduly relaxing the State's burden of proof. Likewise, it is underscored that the legitimate use of circumstantial evidence is conditioned on strict respect for procedural guarantees, especially the legality of the evidence serving as the basis for the facts, the right to challenge and defend oneself, and the duty to comprehensively assess the body of evidence. Circumstantial inference cannot operate in isolation nor replace the need for a complete evidentiary judgment; rather, it must be integrated within a systematic, transparent, and verifiable analysis. Finally, this work proposes guidelines for a more rigorous and rights-based use of circumstantial evidence, aimed at strengthening the protection of the presumption of innocence. Among these parameters are the requirement of explicit and logical justification, the joint evaluation of circumstantial evidence with other evidence, the exclusion of evidence derived from illicit sources, and specialized training for judicial officers in evidentiary reasoning. It is concluded that only under these parameters can circumstantial evidence fulfill a legitimate function within the criminal process, contributing to the search for truth without compromising the structural principles of a social and democratic state governed by the rule of law.
Perspectiva de género y sistema penal acusatorio colombiano: desafíos para la igualdad y la no revictimización
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-21) Acosta Guevara, Karen Paola; Herrera Garzón, Daniel; Riveros Cruz, Julian Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
Justicia en crisis: cuando el hacinamiento anula los fines de la pena
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-20) Castiblanco Ariza, Ingrid Camila; Guzmán Moya, Daniela Alejandra; Riveros Cruz, Julian Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tómás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This article seeks to analyze, from a critical and reflective perspective, the purposes of punishment enshrined in the Colombian legal system and their implementation in judicial practice. It examines the legislature’s approach to regulatory matters, contrasting it with the way it responds to the challenges of the Colombian social context. Similarly, the article addresses the prison crisis facing the country, characterized by overcrowding, a lack of rehabilitation programs, and the constitutional failure to guarantee inmates decent conditions. The document incorporates statistical data and legal references that allow the reader to identify the existence of a major problem, as well as to understand the evident dissonance between law and practice, which undermines the legitimacy of our criminal justice system. Moving beyond a purely punitive perspective, the analysis seeks to place special emphasis on the serious challenges Colombia faces in fulfilling the constitutional purposes of punishment, as established within the framework of the social rule of law. It raises the need to reflect on whether the Colombian criminal justice system actually meets these objectives, or whether, on the contrary, we are facing a structural inconsistency that limits its effectiveness and credibility.
Trabajo, enseñanza y estudio como herramientas de resocialización en el INPEC EPMSC Duitama (Boyacá)
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-06-03) Rincón Melo, Erika Vanessa; López Zamora, Sergio Andrés; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001511088; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=fKBJ70QAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1350-6310
This study examines the impact of limited program capacity on resocialization initiatives in work, education, and study (WES) available to inmates (persons deprived of liberty, PDL) at the EPMSC Duitama (Medium-Security Prison and Penitentiary Establishment). Drawing upon an analysis of constitutional provisions, judicial precedents, and the statutory development of the Colombian penitentiary system, resocialization is addressed in its dual character as both a constitutional principle and the primary purpose of criminal punishment, with particular reference to the Political Constitution of 1991 and Law 65 of 1993. The research adopts a legal-empirical methodology, enabling a systematic comparison between the applicable normative framework and the institutional realities of the establishment. In this context, it evaluates resocialization programs, the administrative procedures governing sentence remission, and the extent of effective participation of persons deprived of liberty in such activities. The findings indicate that, notwithstanding the formal recognition of resocialization as the central objective of penal sanctions, its implementation is hindered by significant structural constraints, including overcrowding, insufficient staffing, and limited program availability. These factors restrict access to resocialization initiatives and undermine their effectiveness.
Responsabilidad penal de las instituciones de educación superior por violencia institucional de género contra las mujeres en Colombia: una reflexión sobre tipicidad, omisión, autoría y debida diligencia universitaria
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-27) Ramos Martínez, Paola Consuelo; Riveros Cruz, Julian Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tómás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This reflection article examines the possible criminal liability of higher education institutions for institutional gender-based violence against women in Colombia. The analysis begins from the observation that, in many cases, the university response to complaints of sexual harassment, sexual violence, and other forms of gender-based violence is not merely insufficient, but may take the form of omissions, unjustified delays, lack of protective measures, revictimization, and institutional peregrination. Through a legal, doctrinal, and case law approach, the paper explores whether such institutional failures may go beyond the administrative, disciplinary, or constitutional sphere and acquire criminal relevance. To this end, it studies the regulatory framework composed of Law 1257 of 2008, Law 2365 of 2024, Law 1740 of 2014, Resolution 014466 of 2022 issued by the Ministry of National Education, and international instruments for the protection of women’s rights. It also analyzes central categories of Colombian criminal law, such as typicity, unlawfulness, culpability, omission, duty to act as guarantor, authorship, and participation. Likewise, it incorporates the recent jurisprudential line of the Constitutional Court, especially rulings T-210 of 2023, T-235 of 2025, and T-010 of 2026, which have strengthened the standard of due diligence in university settings. The article concludes that, although Colombian law does not generally establish autonomous criminal liability of legal persons for all kinds of offenses, there are normative and doctrinal grounds to criminally examine certain serious institutional omissions and actions in contexts of gender-based violence.
El “debidamente informado” en la aceptación de cargos: el consentimiento emitido en los mecanismos de terminación anticipada
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-26) Duarte Gutierrez, Miler Andrey; Bermudez Guevara, Gianluiggi; Riveros Cruz, Julián Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tómás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
Through this paper, the mechanisms of early procedural termination available within the Colombian criminal justice system will be analyzed, with a particular focus on the subjective requirements of pleading guilty and plea agreements. This approach is justified because, although these mechanisms may not appear problematic at first glance, a thorough examination of the practices within the accusatory criminal system reveals situations in which early termination mechanisms are used without the technical defense clearly, comprehensibly, adequately, and fully conveying their consequences.
La expansión del Derecho Penal del Enemigo en el mundo contemporáneo: política criminal, estados de excepción, seguridad, erosión del bien jurídico en el modelo actual e inclusión social
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-26) Santamaría Medina, Juan Sebastian; Riveros Cruz, Julian Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tómás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This article analyzes the expansion of the so-called Enemy Criminal Law in the contemporary world, based on its impact on criminal policy and on the doctrinal categories of crime. Through a dogmatic-critical and comparative approach, various manifestations of this punitive logic are examined, as well as their impact on typicity, unlawfulness, culpability, and the purposes of punishment. Finally, criteria are proposed aimed at reaffirming the axiological principles that limit the State’s punitive power, as well as the need for public policies oriented toward social inclusion as an effective preventive strategy.
La norma penal en blanco como un problema de la teoría del delito ambiental
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-20) Restrepo Hernández, Diego Fernando; Vargas Montaño, Lortna Zharaind; Riveros Cruz, Julian Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tómás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This study analyzes the issues raised by the theory of crime within the field of environmental criminal law, specifically regarding the institution of the blank criminal norm as a tool for protecting a collective legal interest: the environment. The main objective is to examine the relevance of this figure in the penal protection of the environment, highlighting the problems of legality and specificity that arise from its use in this area. To this end, the work develops a path that begins with the notion of the blank criminal norm, continues with the importance of environmental law and its regulation through criminal law, and focuses on the problems that emerge in the theory of environmental crime as a result of its application. Finally, a critique is presented concerning the level of knowledge required of the perpetrator in the commission of environmental crimes, which opens the debate on legal security and the effectiveness of the blank criminal norm as a means of protecting the collective legal interest at stake.
¿Una justicia restaurativa limitada? Reflexiones sobre el alcance de la mediación penal en el sistema penal acusatorio colombiano
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-16) Rocha Sabogal, Katherin Jazmin; Gómez Ayala, Lians Sofía; Riveros Cruz, Julián Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tómás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
Colombia’s adversarial criminal justice system has incorporated restorative justice mechanisms aimed at promoting alternative forms of resolving criminal disputes, including criminal mediation. However, current legislation limits its application by requiring that the punishable offense carry a minimum sentence of less than five years in prison and that the protected legal interest be of an individual nature. These conditions significantly narrow its scope of application and raise questions about its effectiveness in achieving restorative objectives within the criminal justice system. From a legal-dogmatic perspective, this study analyzes the scope of criminal mediation in the Colombian adversarial criminal justice system by examining the provisions of Law 906 of 2004, as well as relevant constitutional doctrine and case law. Likewise, certain offenses provided for in the Colombian Penal Code are examined in order to identify which ones meet the legal requirements for the application of this mechanism and which ones are excluded due to the established punitive limit. The analysis shows that, despite its potential to promote the repair of harm and the efficient management of criminal disputes, criminal mediation has a limited scope. In this context, it is worth considering a reasonable expansion of its application to certain offenses that, while exceeding the current threshold for criminal punishment, primarily affect individual legal interests and could be addressed through restorative mechanisms under strict eligibility criteria.
La preclusión en el derecho penal colombiano: un mecanismo para la eficacia de la justicia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-10) Castaño Bermúdez, Aura Maria; Quintero González, Angela Consuelo; Riveros Cruz, Julián Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tómás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This study examines the concept of preclusion within the Colombian criminal justice system, focusing on its historical evolution, doctrinal understanding, and current regulation under Law 906 of 2004. It explores the statutory causes that justify its application, distinguishing between objective and subjective grounds, and analyzes its role in enhancing judicial efficiency and protecting fundamental guarantees. Through a doctrinal, jurisprudential, and constitutional approach, the study highlights that preclusion, rather than merely serving as a case management tool, embodies the principle of legality, the presumption of innocence, and the rational limitation of state punitive power. It concludes that preclusion plays a crucial role in ensuring the efficiency of criminal justice administration and safeguarding fundamental rights in a democratic rule of law system.
Efectos Jurídico - Penales de la Muerte Presunta en el Proceso Penal Colombiano
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-10) Estupiñán Vargas, José Arturo; Ruiz Hernández, Andrés Fernando; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000884618
The purpose of this research article is to identify the legal - criminal effects derived from the declaration of presumed death in relation to the Colombian criminal process, a situation that allows us to refer to articles 82 and 88 of the Penal Code (Law 599 of 2000) and to articles 38.8, 77, 78 and 332.1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Law 906 of 2004), the foregoing, in order to apply the figure called "death" as a cause of extinction of the criminal action, and in turn, as well as a cause of extinction of the criminal sanction, since depending on the moment in which the respective civil death registry is attached as proof of the death of a person, the judiciary is inexorably forced to issue a decision with full effects of res judicata in the case of "preclusion", or also, to cease the sanctioning effects of the conviction as a consequence of the judicial declaration of "extinction of the criminal sanction”.
La preterintención en colombia, una escala cómoda para viajeros sin tiquete
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-09) Baylon Barragan, Helena del Pilar; Riveros Cruz, Julian Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This article examines the different modalities of conduct recognized in Law 599 of 2000, the Colombian Criminal Code. Special attention is given to those figures that are particularly problematic and that have been repeatedly studied and debated in legal doctrine, whose delimitation continues to be a current discussion, particularly eventual intent (dolus eventualis) and conscious negligence. Subsequently, the figure of preterintentionality is analyzed, examining its necessity and importance within the domestic legal system. Likewise, a brief reference is made to the legal provisions of other countries that also contemplate this figure. Finally, a critical position is presented regarding the continued validity of preterintentionality in Colombian criminal law.
Las Estipulaciones Probatorias como una Herramienta de Economía Procesal: un análisis del Numeral Cuarto del Artículo 356 del Código de Procedimiento Penal
(Universidad Santo Tomás) cala gutierrez, Nelson Enmanuelle; Sáenz Rodríguez, Deivy Alberto
This review article is focus in the role of evidentiary stipulations as a procedural tool within the adversarial criminal justice system. The methodology used was deductive with a qualitative approach that explores the origin in Law 906 of 2004. The findings identified its doctrinal and jurisprudential development, as the practical application in the criminal process. Its benefits in terms of procedural economy, concentration of the oral trial, and risks when applied without proper judicial control were also discussed. Specially with regard to the legality of evidence and the guarantee of fundamental rights. In conclusion, a more active role for the trial judge in the validation of evidentiary agreements is proposed, in order to balance the effectiveness of the process and the protection of constitutional guarantees.
UTILIDAD PÚBLICA EN EL CONTEXTO PROBATORIO Y LA DIALOGICA DE LA MARGINALIDAD EN LAS MEDIDAS SUSTITUTIVAS PARA LAS MUJERES CABEZA DE FAMILIA
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 0021-06-25) Leidy Yojana Garcia Buitrago, Leidy Yojana Garcia Buitrago; SAENZ RODRÍGUEZ, DEIBY ALBERTO; Universidad Santo Tomás
This article examines the innovative Law of Public Utility as an alternative measure to prison sentences and the conditions required for its application. Among the requirements established by the law, it is emphasized that the commission of the crime must be associated with conditions of marginalization affecting the livelihood of female heads of households who are perpetrators or participants in the offenses specified by the legislation. Therefore, this paper will explore alternative measures to imprisonment and the criteria used to determine conditions of marginality when analyzing the possibility of granting public utility status
EFICACIA EN LA APLICACIÓN DEL ARTÍCULO 376 C.P, EN RELACIÓN CON EL TRÁFICO LOCAL DE ESTUPEFACIENTES EN LA CIUDAD DE TUNJA PARA EL PERIODO 2020 A MARZO DEL 2025
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-12-05) PABON CACHOPE, HECTOR ALIRIO; RUIZ HERNANDEZ, ANDRES FERNANDO
This investigative analysis focuses on determining the effectiveness of applying Article 376 of the Colombian Penal Code in combating local drug trafficking in the city of Tunja between 2020 and March 2025. In accordance with the stated objectives and documented findings, the study reveals that, although 769 arrests have resulted in 317 convictions, the implemented criminal policy presents a paradoxical effectiveness: while the judicial figures suggest a state response, the phenomenon of local trafficking persists and even worsens, indicating that the adopted strategy does not comprehensively or structurally address the criminal networks involved in the commercialization of controlled substances. According to the data provided, most arrests involve consumers and micro-traffickers located at the lower levels of the criminal chain (predominantly young people around 20 years old, mostly apprehended in public spaces), while the large structures that cultivate, process, and transport illicit substances from producing regions remain virtually intact. Furthermore, the investigation reveals that recent Supreme Court jurisprudence has emphasized the need to differentiate between personal consumption and trafficking by demonstrating intent to sell, a circumstance that is not always adequately proven in initial proceedings, leading to prosecutorial dismissals and acquittals that demonstrate institutional strain without a deterrent effect. Consequently, the study concludes that a comprehensive reformulation of local criminal policy is required, one that includes preventive, social, and rights-based dimensions, coordinating inter-institutional efforts toward dismantling larger structures, ensuring the constitutional protection of consumers, and optimizing public resources to achieve truly effective citizen security objectives. Keywords: Criminal, resources, trafficking, local, narcotics
Los términos de la detención preventiva en los grupos delictivos y armados organizados: ¿una manifestación del derecho penal del enemigo?
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-13) Niño Gómez, Bryan Ricardo; Porras Díaz, Richard Camilo; Riveros Cruz, Julián Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This article aims to analyze the impact of extending the preventive detention terms for members of Organized Armed Groups (GAO) and Organized Criminal Groups (GDO) in Colombia, based on Article 307A of the Code of Criminal Procedure; through a documentary study, it examines the potential impact on fundamental guarantees resulting from this extension, particularly regarding the presumption of innocence, and evaluates whether this regulation reflects characteristics inherent of enemy criminal law. The analysis reveals that, although the extension seeks to strengthen the fight against criminal organizations, it also raises tensions with essential principles of due process. Thus, it is concluded that, despite the justification this regulation finds within the Colombian State’s criminal policy, the measure may result in violations of fundamental rights, and therefore, it is recommended to consider more rights-based strategies in the fight against organized crime.
El principio de oportunidad frente al delito de violencia intrafamiliar en Colombia: ineficacia desde la perspectiva de politica criminal y protección a las víctimas
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-26) Rubio Gutiérrez, Joan Sebastián; Ubaque Mahecha, Sara José; Riveros Cruz, Julián Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This research is a normative, doctrinal, and statistical study with a critical legal-empirical approach aimed at analyzing the effectiveness of applying the principle of opportunity as a criminal policy in the context of domestic violence and the role victims play in this instrument. To do so, it was necessary not only to review the constitutional principles, criminal law, and jurisprudence, but also to compare them with data provided by the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, the Ministry of Justice and Law, and the National Police, thus obtaining a much broader picture. It was evident that although the main intention of applying this principle is to decongest the justice system, the reality is that domestic violence has increased in Colombia's recent history, which is worrying for authorities and the community. This exposes its ineffectiveness as a response to these highly harmful criminal behaviors and calls for the development of other criminal policy strategies that do not pose a latent risk to victims' rights. The application of the principle of opportunity in contrast to the constitutional protection of the family unit by prioritizing criteria of procedural efficiency tends to border on the concept of impunity and, in that sense, on the violation of the rights of women and children, who are often victims of this type of crime. Thus, in principle, a strengthening of the oversight carried out by the judge responsible for controlling guarantees is required, establishing risk assessment protocols before the approval of this mechanism, since it is not designed in itself to effectively prevent and eradicate the phenomenon of domestic violence. This is accompanied by an expansion of the restrictive criteria and a special emphasis on comprehensive support and protection for victims.
Hacia un control material ampliado: análisis de la viabilidad de una mayor intervención del juez de conocimiento en la audiencia de formulación de acusación
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-17) Rojas Duarte, Juan Sebastián; Moreno Benjumea, Andrés David; Riveros Cruz, Julián Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This work we seek to analyze the possibility of expanding the powers of the examining magistrate during the formulation of the indictment in the criminal process, where the research seeks to examine whether it is feasible and convenient to expand the material control exercised by the judge in this procedural stage, traditionally limited to formal aspects; where the study which probably addresses the constitutional, procedural and practical implications of granting the judge greater powers of intervention, evaluating the balance between the accusatory principle and the guarantees of due process. The advantages and disadvantages of a broader judicial control are discussed, considering comparative experiences and relevant jurisprudence.
El juicio oral: Racionalidad probatoria, control del poder punitivo y garantías estructurales del proceso acusatorio
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-18) Castro Londoño, Marisol Alexandra; Gonzáles Quimbayo, Wilson Andrés; Riveros Cruz, Julian Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
The criminal trial, far from being a mere procedural stage for the presentation of evidence, constitutes the core of juridicity within the accusatorial process: the point where the tension between the State’s punitive power and fundamental rights reaches its greatest intensity. This article examines the trial as a dialectical mechanism of control over punishment, in which each phase - the opening statements, evidentiary debate, cross-examination, objections, and closing arguments - responds to a rational architecture grounded in immediacy, contradiction, and strict adherence to due process. From this perspective, the oral trial is not a forum for emotional persuasion or mere procedural efficiency, but rather a space for the legitimation of ius puniendi subjected to epistemic rules and constitutional constraints. Only a trial that consistently articulates probative rationality and the absolute respect for fundamental guarantees can fulfill its role within a Democratic State governed by the rule of law: not serving the mechanical imposition of punishment, but rather the permanent reaffirmation of the limits of penal power.

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