Especialización Derecho Penal y Sistema Penal Acusatorio

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11634/73839

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Admisibilidad de la prueba de referencia en el sistema penal acusatorio bajo los principios de inmediación y contradicción
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-10) Bermúdez Triana, Julián Andrés; Rubiano Bernal, Sergio Andrés; Riveros Cruz, Julian Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
The Constitutional Court of Colombia has repeatedly stated that the right to evidence is a fundamental principle of due process, as is the right of every person to access justice. Its primary importance lies in serving as a vehicle for establishing the truth in a judicial investigation. In criminal matters, there are various means of proof available to judges to support their decisions, one of which is hearsay evidence. This paper aims to examine the admissibility of hearsay evidence, considering the controversy it raises within the Colombian accusatory criminal justice system. It has been argued that hearsay evidence affects the principles of immediacy and adversarial proceedings, as it intensifies the need to establish how this evidence will be evaluated while respecting constitutional guarantees during the evidentiary stage. This prevents these guarantees from being violated during the criminal process, thereby curtailing the parties' right to directly assess statements and interviews received outside of the oral trial. The foregoing leads to questions about the extent to which hearsay evidence can be admitted and what requirements its acceptance entails within criminal proceedings. This question constitutes the central focus of this academic reflection, approached through the analytical-critical research method, considering the main positions regarding the validity of hearsay evidence and its imposed limitations, and opting for an exegetical study of the Constitutional Court's rulings and their implications for evidence in criminal proceedings.
La paradoja de la digitalización en la periferia: brecha tecnológica, desigualdad estructural y responsabilidad fiscal en los municipios de sexta categoría en Colombia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-10) Hernández Moreno, Hernández Moreno; Guataquira Rojas, Paola Andrea; Naranjo Urrea, Paula; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002120442; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=q1oChCEAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6870-4070
In Colombia, digitalization has been promoted as a key tool to enhance transparency, citizen oversight, and fiscal accountability in public administration. However, this investigation argues that, in sixth-category municipalities—characterized by low fiscal capacity, limited technological infrastructure, and reduced administrative staffing—the uniform implementation of digital government policies may unintentionally deepen territorial inequalities. Through a combined normative methodology, the study examines how the deployment of platforms such as SECOP II and the preventive fiscal oversight model affects local administrations with low institutional capacity. The findings suggest that the lack of regulatory asymmetry and tailored institutional support transforms the digital gap into a rights gap, undermining fundamental constitutional principles such as equality, publicity, and due process. The research concludes with a proposal for an adaptive regulatory model that aligns digital transformation with institutional realities, ensuring that modernization becomes a vehicle for inclusion rather than exclusion. Keywords: Transparency; fiscal responsibility; constitutional rule of law; warning function; regulatory effectiveness; procedural guarantees; Legislative Decree 403 of 2020; Legislative Act No. 04 of 2019; SECOP.
La medida de aseguramiento privativa de la libertad en delitos sexuales cometidos contra menores de 14 años: análisis de su obligatoriedad y su impacto en la presunción de inocencia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-02) Gómez Urquiza, Luis Alexander; Zarabanda Córtez, Fabián Mauricio; Riveros Cruz, Luián Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
Inteligencia Artificial en el Sistema Penal Oral Acusatorio Colombiano: Entre la Eficiencia Judicial y las Garantias Fundamentales.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-05-06) Hernandez Ruiz, Karen Dayana; Riveros Cruz, Julian Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This study analyzes the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in Colombia’s adversarial criminal justice system, with the aim of identifying its potential applicability within the Colombian criminal justice system while weighing its possible impact on the respect for fundamental guarantees such as due process; To this end, a qualitative, legal-analytical approach was adopted, based on the study of legislation, case law, and academic doctrine, supplemented by a review of international experiences regarding the application of these processes in the administration of justice. Based on the study conducted, it was demonstrated that AI can become a useful tool in the pursuit of judicial system efficiency, especially in operational and information management tasks; however, significant risks were also identified, related to the lack of transparency in algorithms, the potential reproduction of biases, and the impact on fundamental rights such as the presumption of innocence, the right to defense, and due process. In this regard, it was found that the incorporation of these technologies, without clear regulation, creates tensions with the principles of the adversarial criminal justice system, particularly about the reasoning behind judicial decisions and the possibility of challenge by the parties to the proceedings. In conclusion, AI should be viewed as a supportive tool rather than a substitute for the judicial function; for this reason, its implementation requires clear boundaries, human oversight, and a regulatory framework that ensures transparency and the effective protection of the fundamental rights of all parties involved.
Procedimiento de salvoconducto, permiso especial, política criminal y descongestión judicial
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-05-08) Ordoñez Triana, Kevin Stiven; Riveros Cruz, Julian Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tómás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
El Testigo Único En El Proceso Penal Colombiano: Coherencia Del Relato, Corroboración Periférica Y El Estándar De Prueba Más Allá De Toda Duda Razonable.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-21) Vega Valencia, Keven Steve; Universidad Santo Tómás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002040602; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=JSdLjLUAAAAJ&view_op=list_works; https://orcid.org/my-orcid?orcid=0000-0003-1820-2367
This article claims to analyze the validity and limitations of convictions based on a single witness testimony in the Colombian criminal justice system, particularly in crimes where the victim is the primary or sole source of evidence. Through a doctrinal, jurisprudential, and analytical study, the criteria that must be met for a single testimony to constitute a reliable and sufficient source for a conviction are examined. The methodology includes an analysis of relevant judgments, as well as a review of legal doctrine and principles, to establish a rigorous standard of evaluation. The results demonstrate that Colombian jurisprudence allows for convictions based on a single witness, provided that the testimony withstands rational scrutiny and is supported by other evidence that reinforces its reliability. In conclusion, the article argues that a conviction based on a single witness testimony is legally legitimate if it meets the requirements of substantial coherence and peripheral corroboration, thus guaranteeing respect for the presumption of innocence and the rationality of the Colombian criminal justice system.
Rol Indicio Inferencia Razonable Autoría Participación: Tensiones Entre Eficacia Penal y Presunción Inocencia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-22) Arévalo Cifuentes, Kevin David; Bernal León, Manuel David; Riveros Cruz, Julian Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This paper critically analyzes the role of circumstantial evidence in the Colombian criminal process, with particular emphasis on the tensions that arise between its usefulness in reconstructing events and the need to safeguard the presumption of innocence as a fundamental guarantee of due process. From a legal-constitutional perspective, the logical structure of circumstantial evidence—base facts, inferential link, and circumstantial fact—is examined, and the risks that arise when these elements are not properly established, explained, and justified in judicial decisions are highlighted. The study identifies that one of the main problems in judicial practice lies in the overvaluation of isolated or ambiguous circumstantial evidence, as well as in the construction of inferences that do not rule out alternative hypotheses compatible with innocence. These shortcomings can lead to decisions that seriously affect fundamental rights, based on speculative or insufficiently justified reasoning. In this regard, it is emphasized that circumstantial evidence, by its indirect nature, requires reinforced standards of motivation, rationality, and argumentative control to prevent it from becoming a mechanism for unduly relaxing the State's burden of proof. Likewise, it is underscored that the legitimate use of circumstantial evidence is conditioned on strict respect for procedural guarantees, especially the legality of the evidence serving as the basis for the facts, the right to challenge and defend oneself, and the duty to comprehensively assess the body of evidence. Circumstantial inference cannot operate in isolation nor replace the need for a complete evidentiary judgment; rather, it must be integrated within a systematic, transparent, and verifiable analysis. Finally, this work proposes guidelines for a more rigorous and rights-based use of circumstantial evidence, aimed at strengthening the protection of the presumption of innocence. Among these parameters are the requirement of explicit and logical justification, the joint evaluation of circumstantial evidence with other evidence, the exclusion of evidence derived from illicit sources, and specialized training for judicial officers in evidentiary reasoning. It is concluded that only under these parameters can circumstantial evidence fulfill a legitimate function within the criminal process, contributing to the search for truth without compromising the structural principles of a social and democratic state governed by the rule of law.
Perspectiva de género y sistema penal acusatorio colombiano: desafíos para la igualdad y la no revictimización
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-21) Acosta Guevara, Karen Paola; Herrera Garzón, Daniel; Riveros Cruz, Julian Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
Justicia en crisis: cuando el hacinamiento anula los fines de la pena
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-20) Castiblanco Ariza, Ingrid Camila; Guzmán Moya, Daniela Alejandra; Riveros Cruz, Julian Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tómás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This article seeks to analyze, from a critical and reflective perspective, the purposes of punishment enshrined in the Colombian legal system and their implementation in judicial practice. It examines the legislature’s approach to regulatory matters, contrasting it with the way it responds to the challenges of the Colombian social context. Similarly, the article addresses the prison crisis facing the country, characterized by overcrowding, a lack of rehabilitation programs, and the constitutional failure to guarantee inmates decent conditions. The document incorporates statistical data and legal references that allow the reader to identify the existence of a major problem, as well as to understand the evident dissonance between law and practice, which undermines the legitimacy of our criminal justice system. Moving beyond a purely punitive perspective, the analysis seeks to place special emphasis on the serious challenges Colombia faces in fulfilling the constitutional purposes of punishment, as established within the framework of the social rule of law. It raises the need to reflect on whether the Colombian criminal justice system actually meets these objectives, or whether, on the contrary, we are facing a structural inconsistency that limits its effectiveness and credibility.
Responsabilidad penal de las instituciones de educación superior por violencia institucional de género contra las mujeres en Colombia: una reflexión sobre tipicidad, omisión, autoría y debida diligencia universitaria
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-27) Ramos Martínez, Paola Consuelo; Riveros Cruz, Julian Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tómás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This reflection article examines the possible criminal liability of higher education institutions for institutional gender-based violence against women in Colombia. The analysis begins from the observation that, in many cases, the university response to complaints of sexual harassment, sexual violence, and other forms of gender-based violence is not merely insufficient, but may take the form of omissions, unjustified delays, lack of protective measures, revictimization, and institutional peregrination. Through a legal, doctrinal, and case law approach, the paper explores whether such institutional failures may go beyond the administrative, disciplinary, or constitutional sphere and acquire criminal relevance. To this end, it studies the regulatory framework composed of Law 1257 of 2008, Law 2365 of 2024, Law 1740 of 2014, Resolution 014466 of 2022 issued by the Ministry of National Education, and international instruments for the protection of women’s rights. It also analyzes central categories of Colombian criminal law, such as typicity, unlawfulness, culpability, omission, duty to act as guarantor, authorship, and participation. Likewise, it incorporates the recent jurisprudential line of the Constitutional Court, especially rulings T-210 of 2023, T-235 of 2025, and T-010 of 2026, which have strengthened the standard of due diligence in university settings. The article concludes that, although Colombian law does not generally establish autonomous criminal liability of legal persons for all kinds of offenses, there are normative and doctrinal grounds to criminally examine certain serious institutional omissions and actions in contexts of gender-based violence.
El “debidamente informado” en la aceptación de cargos: el consentimiento emitido en los mecanismos de terminación anticipada
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-26) Duarte Gutierrez, Miler Andrey; Bermudez Guevara, Gianluiggi; Riveros Cruz, Julián Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tómás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
Through this paper, the mechanisms of early procedural termination available within the Colombian criminal justice system will be analyzed, with a particular focus on the subjective requirements of pleading guilty and plea agreements. This approach is justified because, although these mechanisms may not appear problematic at first glance, a thorough examination of the practices within the accusatory criminal system reveals situations in which early termination mechanisms are used without the technical defense clearly, comprehensibly, adequately, and fully conveying their consequences.
La expansión del Derecho Penal del Enemigo en el mundo contemporáneo: política criminal, estados de excepción, seguridad, erosión del bien jurídico en el modelo actual e inclusión social
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-26) Santamaría Medina, Juan Sebastian; Riveros Cruz, Julian Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tómás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This article analyzes the expansion of the so-called Enemy Criminal Law in the contemporary world, based on its impact on criminal policy and on the doctrinal categories of crime. Through a dogmatic-critical and comparative approach, various manifestations of this punitive logic are examined, as well as their impact on typicity, unlawfulness, culpability, and the purposes of punishment. Finally, criteria are proposed aimed at reaffirming the axiological principles that limit the State’s punitive power, as well as the need for public policies oriented toward social inclusion as an effective preventive strategy.
La norma penal en blanco como un problema de la teoría del delito ambiental
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-20) Restrepo Hernández, Diego Fernando; Vargas Montaño, Lortna Zharaind; Riveros Cruz, Julian Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tómás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This study analyzes the issues raised by the theory of crime within the field of environmental criminal law, specifically regarding the institution of the blank criminal norm as a tool for protecting a collective legal interest: the environment. The main objective is to examine the relevance of this figure in the penal protection of the environment, highlighting the problems of legality and specificity that arise from its use in this area. To this end, the work develops a path that begins with the notion of the blank criminal norm, continues with the importance of environmental law and its regulation through criminal law, and focuses on the problems that emerge in the theory of environmental crime as a result of its application. Finally, a critique is presented concerning the level of knowledge required of the perpetrator in the commission of environmental crimes, which opens the debate on legal security and the effectiveness of the blank criminal norm as a means of protecting the collective legal interest at stake.
¿Una justicia restaurativa limitada? Reflexiones sobre el alcance de la mediación penal en el sistema penal acusatorio colombiano
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-16) Rocha Sabogal, Katherin Jazmin; Gómez Ayala, Lians Sofía; Riveros Cruz, Julián Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tómás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
Colombia’s adversarial criminal justice system has incorporated restorative justice mechanisms aimed at promoting alternative forms of resolving criminal disputes, including criminal mediation. However, current legislation limits its application by requiring that the punishable offense carry a minimum sentence of less than five years in prison and that the protected legal interest be of an individual nature. These conditions significantly narrow its scope of application and raise questions about its effectiveness in achieving restorative objectives within the criminal justice system. From a legal-dogmatic perspective, this study analyzes the scope of criminal mediation in the Colombian adversarial criminal justice system by examining the provisions of Law 906 of 2004, as well as relevant constitutional doctrine and case law. Likewise, certain offenses provided for in the Colombian Penal Code are examined in order to identify which ones meet the legal requirements for the application of this mechanism and which ones are excluded due to the established punitive limit. The analysis shows that, despite its potential to promote the repair of harm and the efficient management of criminal disputes, criminal mediation has a limited scope. In this context, it is worth considering a reasonable expansion of its application to certain offenses that, while exceeding the current threshold for criminal punishment, primarily affect individual legal interests and could be addressed through restorative mechanisms under strict eligibility criteria.
La preclusión en el derecho penal colombiano: un mecanismo para la eficacia de la justicia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-10) Castaño Bermúdez, Aura Maria; Quintero González, Angela Consuelo; Riveros Cruz, Julián Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tómás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This study examines the concept of preclusion within the Colombian criminal justice system, focusing on its historical evolution, doctrinal understanding, and current regulation under Law 906 of 2004. It explores the statutory causes that justify its application, distinguishing between objective and subjective grounds, and analyzes its role in enhancing judicial efficiency and protecting fundamental guarantees. Through a doctrinal, jurisprudential, and constitutional approach, the study highlights that preclusion, rather than merely serving as a case management tool, embodies the principle of legality, the presumption of innocence, and the rational limitation of state punitive power. It concludes that preclusion plays a crucial role in ensuring the efficiency of criminal justice administration and safeguarding fundamental rights in a democratic rule of law system.
La preterintención en colombia, una escala cómoda para viajeros sin tiquete
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-09) Baylon Barragan, Helena del Pilar; Riveros Cruz, Julian Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This article examines the different modalities of conduct recognized in Law 599 of 2000, the Colombian Criminal Code. Special attention is given to those figures that are particularly problematic and that have been repeatedly studied and debated in legal doctrine, whose delimitation continues to be a current discussion, particularly eventual intent (dolus eventualis) and conscious negligence. Subsequently, the figure of preterintentionality is analyzed, examining its necessity and importance within the domestic legal system. Likewise, a brief reference is made to the legal provisions of other countries that also contemplate this figure. Finally, a critical position is presented regarding the continued validity of preterintentionality in Colombian criminal law.
Los términos de la detención preventiva en los grupos delictivos y armados organizados: ¿una manifestación del derecho penal del enemigo?
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-13) Niño Gómez, Bryan Ricardo; Porras Díaz, Richard Camilo; Riveros Cruz, Julián Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This article aims to analyze the impact of extending the preventive detention terms for members of Organized Armed Groups (GAO) and Organized Criminal Groups (GDO) in Colombia, based on Article 307A of the Code of Criminal Procedure; through a documentary study, it examines the potential impact on fundamental guarantees resulting from this extension, particularly regarding the presumption of innocence, and evaluates whether this regulation reflects characteristics inherent of enemy criminal law. The analysis reveals that, although the extension seeks to strengthen the fight against criminal organizations, it also raises tensions with essential principles of due process. Thus, it is concluded that, despite the justification this regulation finds within the Colombian State’s criminal policy, the measure may result in violations of fundamental rights, and therefore, it is recommended to consider more rights-based strategies in the fight against organized crime.
El principio de oportunidad frente al delito de violencia intrafamiliar en Colombia: ineficacia desde la perspectiva de politica criminal y protección a las víctimas
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-26) Rubio Gutiérrez, Joan Sebastián; Ubaque Mahecha, Sara José; Riveros Cruz, Julián Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This research is a normative, doctrinal, and statistical study with a critical legal-empirical approach aimed at analyzing the effectiveness of applying the principle of opportunity as a criminal policy in the context of domestic violence and the role victims play in this instrument. To do so, it was necessary not only to review the constitutional principles, criminal law, and jurisprudence, but also to compare them with data provided by the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, the Ministry of Justice and Law, and the National Police, thus obtaining a much broader picture. It was evident that although the main intention of applying this principle is to decongest the justice system, the reality is that domestic violence has increased in Colombia's recent history, which is worrying for authorities and the community. This exposes its ineffectiveness as a response to these highly harmful criminal behaviors and calls for the development of other criminal policy strategies that do not pose a latent risk to victims' rights. The application of the principle of opportunity in contrast to the constitutional protection of the family unit by prioritizing criteria of procedural efficiency tends to border on the concept of impunity and, in that sense, on the violation of the rights of women and children, who are often victims of this type of crime. Thus, in principle, a strengthening of the oversight carried out by the judge responsible for controlling guarantees is required, establishing risk assessment protocols before the approval of this mechanism, since it is not designed in itself to effectively prevent and eradicate the phenomenon of domestic violence. This is accompanied by an expansion of the restrictive criteria and a special emphasis on comprehensive support and protection for victims.
Trata de personas
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-18) Morales Rico, Sandra Milena; Franco Téllez, Julieth; Riveros Cruz, Julian Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This article analyzes international cooperation mechanisms aimed at combating human trafficking in American countries with a focus on the effectiveness of legal instruments and international institutions. Key regulatory frameworks are explored, such as the Palermo protocol and the role of organizations such as the OEA and INTERPOL in the design and implementation of joint strategies such as training local border authorities, the exchange of information and the coordination of transnational operations to dismantle trafficking networks. In addition, the progress made in the cross-border coordination of international institutions is examined and the most relevant operational limitations are identified, such as the lack of legislative harmonization, insufficient resources, corruption and institutional weaknesses. The analysis includes the international legal instruments that cover this crime in order to prevent more cases and the response of states such as laws, programs or policies implemented internally. Finally, strategies are proposed to strengthen international mechanisms, such as the creation of more efficient monitoring tools and the promotion of comprehensive policies, such as joint campaigns that guarantee the special protection of victims of human trafficking. This article therefore highlights the importance of efficient coordinated action at the international level to prevent, combat and eradicate human trafficking in the American hemisphere.
Hacia un control material ampliado: análisis de la viabilidad de una mayor intervención del juez de conocimiento en la audiencia de formulación de acusación
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-17) Rojas Duarte, Juan Sebastián; Moreno Benjumea, Andrés David; Riveros Cruz, Julián Leonardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000141243; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&authuser=1&user=_zUBfAcAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-7539
This work we seek to analyze the possibility of expanding the powers of the examining magistrate during the formulation of the indictment in the criminal process, where the research seeks to examine whether it is feasible and convenient to expand the material control exercised by the judge in this procedural stage, traditionally limited to formal aspects; where the study which probably addresses the constitutional, procedural and practical implications of granting the judge greater powers of intervention, evaluating the balance between the accusatory principle and the guarantees of due process. The advantages and disadvantages of a broader judicial control are discussed, considering comparative experiences and relevant jurisprudence.

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