Estudio de patología estructural para una edificación de 2 pisos, localizada en el municipio de La Pintada, Antioquia, urbanización Montenegro.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to diagnose the pathological condition of a two-story residential building located in the Montenegro urbanization, municipality of La Pintada, Antioquia. The structure, built in 1984 with a reinforced masonry system and shallow foundations, exhibits several pathologies caused by its age, environmental conditions, and the characteristics of the terrain, which has been classified as a high-risk zone for mass movements according to the Territorial Planning Scheme. The methodology included preliminary data collection, technical site visits with photographic records, architectural and structural surveys, visual inspections, and the preparation of damage classification sheets. The identified pathologies were physical (cracks and fissures ranging from 1 to 5 mm, tile detachment, capillary and condensation humidity), mechanical (differential settlements and deformations), and chemical (metal oxidation). These conditions compromise the durability of materials and pose potential safety risks if not properly addressed. The results indicate that the main causes are related to poor rainwater management, inadequately compacted soils, lack of preventive maintenance, and the impact of the local warm-humid climate. It is concluded that the building requires an intervention plan based on prioritizing damage, possible foundation reinforcement in case of continued settlements, wall waterproofing, roof repairs, and periodic monitoring of cracks. In summary, this diagnosis provides technical guidelines for maintenance and rehabilitation, aiming to ensure structural safety, extend the service life of the building, and guarantee adequate living conditions for its users.