Especialización Optometría Pedriátrica

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11634/72110

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Efectividad de tratamientos tecnológicos emergentes basados en estimulación binocular para el manejo de la ambliopía entre 2015 y 2025: revisión exploratoria del entrenamiento dicóptico digital y la realidad virtual inmersiva entre población pediátrica y adulta
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-27) Piragua Alarcón, Angie Dayana; Jaimes Fuentes, Alejandra; Narváez Rumié, Olivia Margarita; Universidad Santo Tomás
Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental visual disorder that affects visual acuity and binocular function, associated with alterations in cortical processing and mechanisms such as interocular suppression. Although conventional treatments have proven effective, they present limitations in adherence and binocular recovery, which has led to the development of therapies based on binocular stimulation through digital technologies. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of digital dichoptic training and immersive virtual reality in the treatment of amblyopia through a scoping review of scientific evidence published between 2015 and 2025, considering differences between pediatric and adult populations. Methodology: A qualitative secondary study with a scoping review design was conducted. The search was performed in specialized databases and academic search engines using search equations in Spanish and English, including descriptors related to amblyopia, binocular vision, dichoptic training, and virtual reality. Studies involving pediatric and adult populations with amblyopia were included if they evaluated technology-based binocular interventions and reported clinical visual and binocular outcomes. Results: A total of 2,826 records were identified; after screening and methodological assessment, 20 studies were included. Evidence showed improvements in visual acuity, binocular function, and stereopsis. Results were more consistent in pediatric populations, although clinically relevant benefits were also observed in adults. Heterogeneity was found across study designs, samples, protocols, and evaluation criteria. Conclusions: Digital dichoptic training and immersive virtual reality represent promising therapeutic alternatives for amblyopia, showing benefits across different age groups, although further standardized studies are required.
Abordaje clínico visual de un paciente pediátrico con persistencia de la vasculatura fetal y catarata congénita: reporte de caso
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-24) Ramírez Herrera, Natalia Yocasta; Jaimes Rueda, Astrit Carolina; Moreno, Sergio; Narvaez Rumie, , Olivia Margarita; Universidad Santo Tomás
Persistent fetal vasculature is a rare congenital ocular anomaly resulting from the failure of regression of the hyaloid vascular system during intrauterine development, which may be associated with other conditions such as congenital cataract and can lead to severe visual impairment. The aim of this case report is to describe the clinical manifestations and the visual health approach in a pediatric patient with persistent fetal vasculature associated with congenital cataract. A descriptive case report was conducted in a male patient evaluated from two months of age, with a history of unilateral leukocoria identified during the first days of life. The clinical approach included ophthalmologic and optometric evaluations, ocular ultrasound, surgical management consisting of cataract extraction and anterior vitrectomy, followed by visual rehabilitation with rigid contact lens correction, occlusion therapy, and long-term follow-up. During follow-up, sequelae such as mild microphthalmia, iris heterochromia, megapapilla, ocular deviation, and limited visual recovery were observed despite continuous treatment. In conclusion, persistent fetal vasculature associated with congenital cataract represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, in which early intervention and continuous follow-up are essential for visual prognosis, highlighting the fundamental role of the pediatric optometrist in comprehensive patient management.
Impacto visual desde el obordaje oftálmico y contactológico en paciente pediátrica con miopía alta degenerativa secundaria a glaucoma congénito primario 2025-2026: Reporte de caso
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-22) Carvajal Ortiz, Aura Marcela; Muñoz Gómez, Paola Andrea; Peñaloza Silva, Mayra Alejandra; Narváez Rumié, Olivia Margarita; Universidad Santo Tomás
Introduction: Primary congenital glaucoma is an early-onset condition caused by an abnormality in the development of the iridocorneal angle, leading to a sustained increase in intraocular pressure and progressive optic nerve damage. Clinically, it manifests with photophobia, epiphora, and enlargement of the eyeball, with an increase in corneal diameter, requiring differential diagnosis with primary megalocornea. Intraocular pressure is the main modifiable risk factor, and its prolonged elevation can induce structural changes associated with high myopia, anisometropia, and amblyopia; therefore, its management must be comprehensive. Objective: To determine the visual impact between the use of ophthalmic correction and contact lenses in a pediatric patient with high degenerative myopia secondary to GCP Methodology: A descriptive observational case report study was conducted on an 11-year-old female patient with a relevant ophthalmological and surgical history. The evaluation included a comprehensive assessment in optometry and ophthalmology, supported by specialized examinations such as corneal tomography (Pentacam HR), ocular biometry (Lenstar 900), optical coherence tomography (Maestro 2), and endothelial cell count (CEM-530). Soft and rigid gas permeable contact lenses were fitted, taking into account corneal characteristics and visual needs. Discussion: The endothelial assessment prior to lens fitting showed cell density, hexagonality, and coefficient of variation within normal ranges for age, with no findings consistent with glioblastoma or associated with dry eye, allowing for lens fitting under multidisciplinary follow-up. Optical coherence tomography OCT interpretation was limited by the high axial length, nystagmus, and low signal quality, factors that may have underestimated the refractive error of the lens. The standard deep-pencil lenses LCRGP were not tolerated; the custom-fitted contact lenses LCB improved visual acuity, reduced nystagmus, and offered greater comfort. Furthermore, they had a positive impact on self-esteem, posture, and social integration.
Manejo integral de ambliopía severa anisometrópica en paciente pediátrico con miopía magna unilateral en Barranquilla Colombia 2025: reporte de caso clínico
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-22) Alex Lifeth, Morales Lopez; Ludy Janeth, Calderon Alvarado; Casillas Casillas, Elizabeth; Narvaez Rumie, Olivia Margarita; Univesidad Santo Tomas
Introduction: Severe anisometropic amblyopia secondary to unilateral high myopia in the pediatric population represents an uncommon clinical challenge with complex management, especially in settings where standardized protocols do not exist. Objective: To describe the comprehensive optometric approach and the visual evolution of a pediatric patient with severe anisometropic amblyopia secondary to unilateral high myopia. Case description: An 8-year-old male patient, seen in Barranquilla, Colombia, presented with severe unilateral visual impairment associated with extreme myopic anisometropia. Comprehensive optometric evaluation allowed confirmation of the functional diagnosis of amblyopia and ruled out structural involvement that could explain the visual loss. The personalized management plan included iseikonic optical correction, followed by the use of a soft toric contact lens in the left eye (comfilcon A), occlusion therapy, support with visual training, complementary diagnostic tests, and interdisciplinary follow-up with pediatric ophthalmology and subspecialties such as glaucoma, retina, and vitreous. During follow-up, improvement in visual acuity and in the functionality of the affected eye was observed. Conclusions: The increase in visual acuity in the left eye supports the importance of a comprehensive and individualized approach, as it promotes visual rehabilitation even in cases of severe amblyopia associated with unilateral high myopia; the earlier the intervention, the better the prognosis. This report provides local clinical evidence and highlights the importance of comprehensive optometric management in pediatric patients at high visual risk.
Manejo optométrico interdisciplinario en paciente Down con discapacidad múltiple en Cúcuta, Norte de Santander: reporte de caso
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-17) Rolón Villamizar , Elmi Marcela; Saavedra Herrera, Laura Catalina; Parada Jaimes, Yhisedt Gerardine; Narváez Rumié, Olivia Margarita; Salas Hernández, Luis Héctor; Universidad Santo Tomás
Multiple disability, characterized by the coexistence of various impairments, is associated with a high prevalence of underdiagnosed visual alterations, making an interdisciplinary optometric approach focused on functionality and participation essential. Objective: To establish the interdisciplinary optometric management of a patient with multiple disabilities in Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, in 2025 through a case report. Methods: A descriptive observational case report with a six-year longitudinal follow-up was conducted. The study included a comprehensive optometric evaluation, review of ophthalmologic medical records, and interdisciplinary optometric management. The study complied with current ethical regulations, including informed consent and confidentiality assurance. Case Description: A 17-year-old male patient with Down syndrome (trisomy 21) and a history of perinatal risk factors was certified with multiple disabilities involving cognitive and visual impairment. During childhood and adolescence, he received follow-up exclusively through ophthalmology, without continuous optometric care. The care model was primarily focused on structural alterations and limited access to pediatric optometry services, which delayed the implementation of optical correction strategies and functional vision rehabilitation. Conclusion: Functional optometric intervention, integrated within an interdisciplinary approach, can generate a positive impact on activity and participation in patients with multiple disabilities.
Eficacia del uso de filtros color como herramienta complementaria en el abordaje de la dislexia infantil: una revisión exploratoria de la literatura.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-17) Picón Peña, Maria Fernanda; Rozo Aparicio, Nayarit Alejandra; D'antone, Valeria Andrea; Universidad Santo Tomás
Objective: To evaluate the scientific evidence regarding the use of colour filters as a complementary intervention in childhood dyslexia, analysing their impact on reading performance and visual comfort. Methodology: An exploratory review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework. The search was performed across PubMed, Web of Science, Lens, and Google Scholar. Eleven studies published between 2007 and 2025 were selected based on PICO criteria for a population aged 5 to 18 years. Results: Eleven articles were analysed (8 quasi-experimental, 2 observational, and 1 clinical trial). Of these, 72% reported significant benefits. While results regarding reading speed show heterogeneity, there is a solid consensus concerning the significant reduction of visual stress symptoms (fatigue and perceptual distortions), particularly when using individualised colour filters. Conclusions: Colour filters constitute an effective complementary strategy to optimise visual comfort and reduce cognitive load in children with dyslexia and concomitant visual stress. Their prescription must be grounded in paediatric optometric clinical criteria and an individualised approach.
Lenticono posterior: presentación clínica, diagnóstico y manejo. Reporte de caso
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-17) Estévez Garcés, Silvia Juliana; Estupiñán Osorio, Leidy Juliana; Correa Venegas, Natalia; Narvaéz Rumie, Olivia Margarita; Universidad Santo Tomás
Introduction: Posterior lenticonus is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by a localized, progressive bulging of the posterior lens capsule. Its pathogenesis is not fully understood, although theories have been proposed regarding traction from remnants of the hyaloid arterial system, the presence of vitreitis, or the overgrowth of posterior lens fibers. Objective: To describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and therapeutic approach to posterior lenticonus based on a case report. Methodology: A descriptive observational case report study of a 6-year-old male patient with bilateral posterior lenticonus who was treated at the Optometry Clinic of Santo Tomás University. Discussion and conclusions: Clinical findings were consistent with what is described in literature, showing a rare bilateral presentation that highlights the importance of early diagnosis to prevent visual impairment.
Abordaje optométrico de un lactante con fotofobia y nistagmus en Bucaramanga, 2025-2026
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-17) Beltrán Camacho, Clara Inés; Acevedo Acevedo, Helga Rocío; Narváez Rumié, Olivia Margarita; Espinoza Galaviz, José de Jesús; Universidad Santo Tomás
Early visual disorders, such as photophobia and nystagmus, require timely detection for interdisciplinary management. Objective: To describe the clinical and interdisciplinary approach for an infant with photophobia, nystagmus, and suspected cone dystrophy in Bucaramanga (2025–2026). Methodology: Case report (Universidad Santo Tomás). Assessment included anamnesis, behavioral visual function, cycloplegic refraction, motor evaluation, and chromatic filters. ERG and genetic testing were referred. Case Description: Preterm infant with nystagmus since 8 months old. At 11 months, the patient presented head tilting, photophobia, and high hyperopia (optically corrected). At 18 months, a null position was identified, showing functional improvement with a 527 nm filter. ERG suggested cone dystrophy, and suspected autism spectrum disorder remained. A behavioral assessment further explored sensory organization. Conclusions: Clinical management requires age-appropriate evaluation, including motor analysis and null position identification. Prisms and chromatic filters reduce sensory overload, while ERG and genetic testing are essential for differential diagnosis of retinal dystrophies. Observing gait and environmental exploration provides data on sensory integration, guiding caregivers in therapeutic strategies. Coordination between optometry, pediatric ophthalmology, genetics, psychiatry, and occupational therapy is fundamental for an intervention plan consistent with the child's visual and sensory needs.

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