Maestría Gobernabilidad y Democracia
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11634/183
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Ítem Participación de la Dirección de Primera Infancia ICBF en Implementación de Política de Estado de “Cero a Siempre” en el Periodo 2016-2020(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-06-30) Sánchez Pinto, Karen Lorena; Calderon Sánchez, Dulfary; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001618622; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002013643; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=YPQKS48AAAAJ; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=tZl4wOMAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6783-155X; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7609-5390This article determines the level of participation of the Early Childhood Directorate of the Colombian Family Welfare Institute in the integral development established in the state policy "De Cero a Siempre" in the period 2016-2020 in Colombia. For this, the qualitative method is used, where documentary analysis of the annual management reports of the ICBF is carried out during the study period, and the qualitative method through the consolidation of databases of the ICBF intranet web page in where the annual Social and Financial Goals Execution Reports are published, they contain official information on the children cared for, integrating the years to be analyzed and the services through which comprehensive care was provided are classified, biasing the beneficiaries pertaining to early childhood. With the consolidated and refined base with the pertinent information for this article, the indicator is created that shows the level of participation of the direction in the integral development of the boys and girls, making the comparison of the number of children cared for by this direction, compared to the number of children from zero to five years in Colombia for each year. Based on the above, the regions with the highest comprehensive early childhood care are perceived, the modality in which the greatest attention was given to children, and the relevance of the level of participation for this population is analyzed.Ítem Estudio de Disposiciones Acogidas para la Regularización e Integración de Migrantes Venezolanos en Bogotá (2021-2022)(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-07-01) González López, Jessica Nayeth; Sánchez Giraldo, Cristhian Fernando; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001620953; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002013644; https://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&user=w14tb-cAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&gmla=AJsN-F6KdvQJylUXBg0RJ6dWXlMiZZZjUKb8dQILM5MkXH0JQXNRgbFHwR2Pkye_o0WX7jeac5sSpXE8UmDrVIYXAyW3NQv3dmeXKaBwlJb_wWXOkt9-8ek; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3320-6286; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2543-0691Governments have tried to implement all kinds of complementary provisions that respond to the migratory reality, in order to protect those who are in an irregular condition to facilitate their transit to an ordinary migratory regime and to provide them with economic opportunities, access to goods and services and a better integration within the receiving society; it is thus expected to know what has been the institutional effort to adopt measures, policies and/or strategies to attend the migrant population in an inclusive manner. Through the information provided by representatives of governmental entities such as Colombia Migration, district entities such as the Mayor's Office of Bogota, control bodies such as the Local Ombudsman's Offices and constitutional bodies such as the Ombudsman's Office, the management and actions carried out to facilitate a safe, orderly and regular migration of Venezuelan migrants are addressed, orderly and regular migration of Venezuelans in the city of Bogota and check its effectiveness through mechanisms for regularization such as the "Temporary Statute of Protection" adopted in the year 2021 and through which migrants are allowed to obtain a 10-year resident visa and the "Strategy for the reception, inclusion and development of the new Bogota residents", inclusion and development of the “new bogotanos" welcomed by the Mayor's Office of Bogota through which pillars such as social protection and economic inclusion, humanitarian attention, access to justice, their social, economic and cultural participation or regularization are implemented, to conclude if they have given the expected results or, on the contrary, if they have identified shortcomings that obstruct the possibility of being retaken in other areas of the country where there is also a large concentration of migrants. Therefore, after the collection and analysis of information from the entities in charge of the attention to migrants, a qualification of the management carried out will be obtained, answering the question: What have been the district provisions to provide attention to Venezuelan migrants? determining their scope at national level.Ítem Mecanismos de Gobernanza Ambiental en la Franja Amazónica de Colombia y Perú: Un Análisis para el Periodo 2018-2022(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-06-30) Hernández Prieto, Laura María; Rodríguez Martínez, Ángela Marcela; Dávila Benavides, Diego Eduardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000148749; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002013657; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002013645; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=L_vzzK4AAAAJ; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=rc_cMkgAAAAJ; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=UsyFvckAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&gmla=AJsN-F7m0a2oU-JSg591BtEo4ZHlhcVc0KJkIih0BVSboVgEvRoxH8qfYxCd74VdPRqpWTGzpxiTgi4ntCToG2ZGQZW3Usaq1z8ag3TGQId0FkC-vqUBN_Y; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2117-7422; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1173-294X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2042-7082The Republics of Colombia and Perú share a long Amazonian border, which implies a large amount of natural resources and the need and responsibility for sustainable environmental management in the region, posing challenges and opportunities in terms of environmental regulation and coordination between governments. Therefore, there is a need to guarantee the protection of these spaces and resources, as well as compliance with the rights of local communities, which is directly related to environmental regulation and the role of public authorities in this area. It is assumed that the Environmental Governance of both Republics in matters of the Amazon border is significant, since the decisions and policies adopted by these governmental bodies can have a direct impact on the protection and conservation of the environment in the border region. However, there may be differences in government efforts to address environmental challenges in each country, which could influence the effectiveness of environmental policies and regulations in the border area. Concluding, that there are notorious differences that are not only evident in the time of creation of the legislation, but also in the culture, processes, and applicability of the programs. On the other hand, it will improve to identify, as a first step, that Colombia is a State with extensive environmental legislation and regulations that have prevailed in the last period of time and that recognizes the right to a healthy environment and respect and protection for ecosystems; However, the lack of application of the norm and the deficiencies in the joint work with the communities of the Amazonian territories, as well as the problems linked to violence, have had an inverse effect, increasing the problem instead of diminishing it. On the other hand, in the Peruvian case, there is less legislation, as well as total responsibility of the State in the matter in question and dispersion among actors, with the national government overseeing making decisions and planning Amazonian. border strategies.Ítem Política Pública de Educación Postsecundaria (PPEP). Un Análisis desde la Articulación de los Actores en Medellín (2016-2021)(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-04-11) Villegas Fernandes, Karol Lizeth; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001977364; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8323-8051In this research article, an analysis of the articulation of the actors that are part of the Post-Secondary Education Public Policy of the city of Medellín is carried out, this analysis from the articulation that the actors (coalitions) support for the implementation of strategies that allow the fulfillment of the objectives related to the public policy of post-secondary education (PPEP), which aims to contribute to the development, strengthening, and articulation of educational services, incorporating the offer of post-secondary education in Medellín and transporting it to an educational transformation . The proposed methodology was a documentary study, therefore, the type of research is qualitative analytical. A semi-structured interview was carried out, from this, questions focused on the behavior of the actors involved in the decisions for the fulfillment of the objectives related to the PPEP are generated, the information obtained in the interviews is transferred to a Response Record Matrix Semi-structured interviews. Among the results, product of this investigation, it was evidenced that not all the actors that make up a board of directors for the implementation of a public policy are empowered to provide information based on their responsibility articulated on this occasion to the Public Policy of Postsecondary Education.Ítem La Incidencia de los PDET en la Transformación Estructural de la Subregión Pacifico Frontera Nariñense(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-01-20) Parra Oviedo, Giovanni; Lozano Torres, Yamid Gabriel; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001682947; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001977373; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=rbI2F40AAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5921-284XThe Development Programs with a Territorial Approach – PDET, are constituted as a transversal axis of the Final Peace Agreement of 2016 and the Integral Rural Reform, whose purpose is to close the social, political, and economic gaps between rurality and urban centers, so that it is possible to intervene and eradicate the factors that have historically reproduced the 4 armed conflict and the cycles of violence in the Colombian countryside. The research is qualitative and takes as a case study the Pacific Border Nariñense subregion, its main objective is to determine the role of the implementation of the PDET in the structural transformation of the subregion, through the collection and descriptive analysis of information, in an exercise of triangulation of theoretical sources, monitoring reports, official databases, public policy documents, official first-hand information obtained via the right of petition and the regulatory framework of implementation. The study mainly concludes that the PDETs can be defined as an instrument that affects their transformative potential in the construction of governance processes, administrative planning, public policy, and citizen participation, suitable, efficient and effective in the search, realization and establishment of a stable and lasting peace in the rural fields and territories of Colombia.Ítem Gravamen a los Movimientos Financieros en Colombia Comparado entre los Años 1998 y 2022(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-01-19) Parra Garavito, Fredy Alexander; Avezuela Amenábar, Enara; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002021275; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001977483; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=M7wKpXQAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2555-5253This article aims to investigate the origin, application and impact of the tax on financial movements created to solve a financial crisis, from 1998 to 2022. Colombian governments have generated temporary taxes to solve various economic crises, but these taxes have lasted longer than the crises have lasted and their specific destination has been changed over the years. Such is the case of the tax on financial movements, called 4X1000, a tax with which the bank crisis of the late 2000s was averted and which is still being collected and perpetuated today. The methodology of the article is mixed of quantitative and qualitative type. Regarding the quantitative, it is intended to access statistical data provided by the Bank of the Republic of Colombia and by the Directorate of National Taxes and Customs - DIAN, as well as an interview with an expert analyst of the lien or tax. From the qualitative point of view, it is intended to understand the creation and permanence of the tax. The GMF is a representative tax compared to the global collection figure expected for the 2023 tax reform. It is equivalent to almost $10 trillion annually, that is, half a tax reform. However, it is only 5.5% of the total taxes administered by the DIAN, which by 2021 totaled approximately $173 billion. It is characterized by having a high level of collection and a low probability of evasion due to the public's need to access the banking system from which it is collected. As the tax comes directly from bank transactions, Asobancaria has objected to it for allegedly encouraging the use of cash, slowing down bank access. Users join the criticism of the financial sector, although those affected are those with high incomes who obtained movements in accounts or financial operations that exceed the ceiling or exemption margin of $10 million per month. Other qualified critics point to the support of the GMF as temporary to a not very technical decision, stuck in political expediency. The unpopularity of the tax lies in a history of progressive increases in its rate alternated with failed attempts to eliminate it, despite the temporary situation that was legally accessible to it. The fact that the exemption margin or 'account marking' allows you to avoid payment does not add up in your favor either. With no alternatives in sight, both in the little technical literature that exists on the subject and in certain voices of analysis, gradually eliminating it, reducing the rate by one or two points would imply recharging the collection of rent and VAT, which in itself led to the cap in the last tax reform, together with the creation of new taxes that are less effective but expected in the face of an imminent fiscal policy. In the governments of the day that have succeeded, the power of the tax is clear, leaving in the air the feeling that this avoids deeply intervening through a serious technical study with less interference from political interests. Although the gradual elimination would resolve the issue of the GMF in a couple of decades, the closest solution from academics is to apply the principle of tax equity, attacking the tax gap as a root problem that has persisted since the 1990s in our tax system.Ítem La Importancia del Voto Obligatorio para la Democracia en Colombia(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-01-19) Ortiz Acevedo, Olmedo de Jesus; González Piñeros, Milena Alexandra; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001405504; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001977367; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=Lt_76TMAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0929-9569The paper asks about the importance, necessity and relevance of compulsory voting in Colombia and the impact that electoral abstentionism has on the Colombian democratic system. Therefore, the objective of this work is to investigate the reasons that have been considered in the Congress of the Republic when presenting the draft legislative acts regarding the implementation of mandatory voting for democracy in Colombia. In this sense, the research methodology used was qualitative and documentary, which consisted in carrying out a review of the existing bibliography and the analysis of eleven projects of Legislative Act presented in the Congress of the Republic during the period between the years 2006 to 2022, which made it possible to demonstrate in the documentary sources the theoretical and legislative supports that support the approaches made. Which allowed us to understand the impact that electoral abstentionism has on the Colombian democratic system and its reiteration in the electoral processes. Which makes it the main reason for argumentation for the legislative act project initiatives that seek the implementation of compulsory voting in Colombia. In this sense, it can be said that, although compulsory voting is the tool to deal with abstentionism, by itself it could not guarantee an improvement in the quality of democracy, unless a structural reform is made to the Colombian electoral system, which include not only the implementation of compulsory voting, but also the strengthening of the citizen's electoral culture, the strengthening of institutions and the implementation of electronic voting.Ítem Participación de los Consejos Juveniles en los PDET: Caso Macarena-Guaviare desde el Enfoque de Desarrollo(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-01-20) Montes Flórez, Fray. Juan David O.P.; Gonzalez Piñeros, Milena Alexandra; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001405504; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002033035; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=Lt_76TMAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0929-9569The present Doctoral Thesis arises from considering the intersection of three situations three situations assumed to be true, which will be argued throughout the will be argued throughout the research; the first one is the need to the need to promote the citizen participation of young people the analysis of social and territorial needs in order to give territorial needs in order to respond to the real needs of the subregion. needs of the subregion. The second is that the challenge of of youth civic participation cannot be addressed in isolation cannot be addressed in isolation from social and environmental territorial development. environmental development, and the third is the actuality of the citizen participation of the municipal youth councils. municipal youth councils in territorial development projects and their impact on the development projects and their impact on peace-building in the subregion of the peacebuilding in the subregion of Macarena - Guaviare.Ítem Análisis Comparativo entre los Migrantes Venezolanos Con PPT Vinculados al Sistema de Salud Contributivo y Subsidiado en Colombia(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-01-19) Aparicio Velandia, Katerin; Floréz de Andrade, Ángelo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001607233; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001977363; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=H0f-I_8AAAAJ; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=6TjVlP8AAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0411-9271; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6699-4058In Colombia, irregular entry into the territory has been classified as one of the migratory problems that rise every day in different areas. However, as a result of COVID -19, said global health emergency, according to Colombia Migration (2020), exposes a negative fluctuation of -2.0% on average in irregular income ranging from March to September 2020 (p. 3). With this, it would be estimated that said problem would generate a deficit result for an undetermined time. However, the political, economic, social and health problems that continue to arise in Venezuela allow migrants to move from their native country to improve their quality of life. In accordance with the foregoing, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2021), creates Decree 216 of 2021 "By means of which the Temporary Protection Statute for Venezuelan Migrants Under the Temporary Protection Regime is adopted and other provisions on immigration matters are issued". By adopting the Temporary Protection Statute "called temporary protection permit", avoiding discrepancies between the regulatory parties and migrants in entering the country and obtaining various benefits that will be explained in detail in the course of the article For this reason, the Ministry of Foreign Relations (2020), in the decree established "emergency care must be provided to any national or foreign person, without any requirement or discrimination" (p.2). However, in the development of the article there are gaps in the linkage and access of the different regimes (contributory and subsidized) that the Colombian Ministry of Health has as a structure to be sheltered do to medical services. As a result of this, interviews are conducted with Venezuelan migrants who carry the PPT (Temporary Protection Permit), to determine and compare from primary sources the possible risks between linking and access to the health system in the two exposed regimes. Therefore, based on the problems found in the course of the investigation, a comparison will be made of the Venezuelan migrants receiving the aforementioned permit, according to the links and use of the health system according to the regime; in order to structure possible solutions or alternations, which serve in favor of compliance with the decree on medical care, which interferes with the quality of life of Venezuelan migrants who are part of Colombian territory.Ítem Contribución de la Internacionalización de Bogotá para Cumplir el Objetivo 11 de Desarrollo Sostenible en 2020-2022(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-01-19) Acosta Corzo, Yira Irina; Cháves García, Carlos Alberto; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000760757; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001977366; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=mNAeZg0AAAAJ; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=nt1FPOAAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5324-3431; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9352-3430Internationalization is a local instrument for finding solutions to major political, economic, social and environmental problems that are concentrated in cities. Global policies and goals are advanced in cities and, for this reason, Bogotá must align its territorial development plan in accordance with global agendas and, together with the international community, find strategic allies to produce synergies and achieve solutions to its needs, problems, with a long-term impact. In the analysis of the work of the internationalization of Bogotá between 2020 and 2022, the vision, approach and mechanisms that the local government has established to meet the objectives of sustainable development, especially number 11, and quantify its progress during the study period.Ítem Importancia de los Municipios en Colombia y las Dificultades de No Serlo(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2017) Rodríguez Ojeda, Junior Alfredo; Rojas Villamil, Héctor David; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001431056; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001692468; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=yg8411YAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3226-0339; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2743-8638The Municipality is the fundamental entity of the Colombian legal system. In its functional orbit is the important task of providing public services, building works that demand localprogress, ordering the development of its territory, promoting community participation, social improvement And culture of its inhabitants, among others, which have been created through a historical and theoretical construction. The main function of the Municipality is the provision of public services, which by their nature can not be presumed to be provided, but rather the municipality should strive to provide them efficiently. There can not be a single portion of the Colombian Territory that is outside a municipality, as this would imply the annulment of the provision of public services, as well as other municipal functions. Nevertheless in the Colombian territory 20 territories are identified that have been denominated Departmental corregimientos or non-municipalized areas that do not comprise of any municipality, in spite of the constitutional obligation and of the pronouncements of the Constitutional Court in this respect. Given the previous legal problem, different solutions could be proposed, so it may consider making a constitutional amendment, make use of the figure of the exception of Unconstitutionality or judicially extend the primary obligation of the municipalities to the DepartmentsÍtem Principios y Valores de la Gobernabilidad en Colombia: El Caso de las Políticas Farmacéuticas(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2015-06-16) Rincón Vargas, Rafael Arturo; Palomares García, Jorge Ricardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000580406; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001502634; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=oumvFG0AAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7181-7523This paper is a call for reflection in order to change. Not only rulers and governance-related entities, but of all social and economic entities involved in the construction of governance policies for the pharmaceutical sector, and individuals as beneficiaries of General Health System. It is essential to know the importance of governability to achieve good results in the implementation of public policies and the lack of democratic principles and values undermine the satisfaction of the needs of the people and violate their fundamental rights.Ítem El Voto Obligatorio Como Elemento de Fortalecimiento Democrático(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2016) Lozano Forero, Fernando; Universidad Santo TomásThe purpose of this document is to take a critical look at the optional vote that is currently being the optional vote that is currently implemented in Colombia and its negative impacts on society and the country's society and development of the country. It will also argue why compulsory voting is an element of democratic democratic strengthening and a mechanism to overcome the crisis of representation and participation of different sectors of the representation and participation of the different sectors of society.Ítem Comportamiento Electoral y Gobernabilidad en la Localidad de Engativá 2011 - 2016(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2017-03-28) Amaya Lemus, Pedro Ernesto; Amaya Panche, Johanna; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000681237; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=-dmAuMgAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0383-5559Although the dependence between electoral behavior and governability is often taken for granted, there is little understanding of the relationship between them and the mutual impact, in the understanding that they are correlative. In this case, Engativá is the main source of this research, the principal purpose is to understand the correlation between electoral participation and governance, through the analysis of the electoral`s level and citizen participation, all of this in elections and in the different mechanisms of participation offered by law, in the Engativa`s locality. The case study will be the Engativá`s locality, because its incidence is very important in Bogota, having a population projected by the District Planning Department of 878,434 (Planning Secretary, 2017) inhabitants, however for information of the Local Mayor's Office could be more than 1.3 million, because it carries more of 10 years without a new population census, being larger in population than the cities of Barranquilla, Cartagena, or double of Ibagué or Bucaramanga. Undoubtedly, the relationship between electoral behavior and governability is fundamental, since "it is impossible to govern without the approval of laws and therefore parliamentary support is indispensable to govern" (p. 192), according to Sartori; it is to say that, the votes are represented in the parliament, being essential to direct. The above will be demonstrated in empirical evidence and with the main political actors such as the Local Mayor, the Local Administrator Councils - JAL, the Community Action Boards - JAC, Local Planning Council Members and Council Presidents of Administration.Ítem Ciudadano Gestor de Obras Públicas, Contribuyente Efectivo y Constructor de Tejido Social -de la Imputación a la Compensación de Tributos(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2016-02-09) Castillo Castellanos, Diego Fernando; Camerano Fuentes, Edith Rosina; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001579064; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001578315; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=7rRxDXoAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6227-1768It is proposed in a simple way, to the reach of any individual of the community, to contribute to minimize the risk of the expense in the treasury, for corruption, improvisation, ineptitude, excess of bureaucracy and waste of public resources by the people responsible of the expenses of the local authorities, empowering the member of the community to be proactive and committed to the wellness, the happiness, the security of his or her neighborhood, the coexistence and solidarity among relatives and neighbors; contributing to society directly to finance investment management and execution of simple public works and these investments may be deducted from future tax burdens. These processes help to revive gradually, the process of building people and generate a sense of belonging for public goods, as citizens see their taxes really have a use, which contributes to improving their environment and the achievement of peace. To this socially conscious individual, is the one we refer to as the Citizen Manager.Ítem Lecciones Aprendidas y Aportes del Laboratorio de Paz del Magdalena Medio desde la Perspectiva de los Actores, Territorio y sus Imaginarios Colectivos que Contribuyen a la Construcción de una Cultura de Paz para Colombia(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2016-04-08) Rincón Vanegas, Omar; Castillo Castañeda, Alberto; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001538499; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000174494; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=1gZYwewAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9778-933XSince its initial conception ““The peace laboratories" born in Colombia as a big project or program that not only had different goals and purposes but quite ambitious; they were located in the area or territory where high scourge of gun violence was evident and institutional weaknesses, such as high vulnerability of human rights. By the way, more than two decades ago, exactly in 1995, different social initiatives were developed in the region of Magdalena Medio, in which, it was built the capacity of the Consortium and Citizen's Network to implement a participatory planning mode to an operational mode characterized by acting as a catalyst among beneficiaries and stakeholders, promoting the establishment of effective partnerships with other organizations, and dealing effectively with the diverse interests of key stakeholders, take account the region and the theme of peace and conflict. Some of these initiatives were: “Peace communicates”, “The association of workers and Carare farmers” (ATCC), “Justapaz or Citizen Mandate for Peace, Life and liberated”; they were the begining for implementing development projects based on local initiatives such as “The peace laboratories”. This document will develop different shades about “peace laboratory of Magdalena Medio, in order to see that both managed to impact its own purposes and today after a successful start and development to know if this initiative is or not a real alternative to continue building a culture of peace for the country; it should be noted that is going to be respected above all its history, scopes and actors in the process, but it will be analyzed and valued the richness.Ítem Reciprocidad: Un Elemento de Innovación para la Formulación de Políticas Asistenciales y Construcción de Capital Social(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2016) Rubio Ortiz, Olga Patricia; Universidad Santo TomásThe purpose of this research paper is to analyze the reality of welfare policies have been gradually eroding the basic principles of material equality under the law to the point of compromising the spirit of equality that should be inspired in any public decision. Under this premise, the research aims to demonstrate within a specified welfare policy, the scope thereof, the cost of social investment through taxes, the actual impact on qualifying the beneficiaries life conditions, the projection of such impacts in terms of cost and collective effort for a full coverage, also from there, measure the compensation degree that such beneficiaries make to the society together with the performed effort, through overcoming their intrinsic poverty conditions and the contribution of common benefit improvements for the society. On this basis, the article hopes to trace the foundations for the future development of an index of reciprocity, being understood as an objective tool to measure how the collective tax effort is compensated through concrete actions of each beneficiary. Upon this calculation, it seeks to conclude whether these policies are a different way of breaching the material equality principle under the law. The main question during the research will be whether the welfare policy has a fair treatment and guarantees a minimum return on the social investment, or if it feeds the poverty cycle and dependence.Ítem Construcción de Gobernabilidad A Partir de la Experiencia de los Consejos Municipales de Juventud del Centro Oriente Colombiano: Un Estudio de Caso(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2014-08) Rojas Escobar, Diego Edgardo; Palomares García, Jorge Ricardo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000580406; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001367598; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=oumvFG0AAAAJ; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=4ZW3gOYAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7181-7523This research presents the findings of a case study that took place in the East Center region of Colombia, an approach to the experience was achieved between municipal 6 youth councils from Tunja and Paipa based on the current and not current laws, it allows to know involvement scenarios, process and dynamics which have contributed to build the governability. The research is conducted since a dialogue between legal and theoretical references as well as since the dynamic that has characterized the Municipal Youth Councils – in Spanish CMJ’s – in departmental and municipal management since 2006 until 2013, subsequently it will allow to analyze the new youth statute. An analysis of sources’ file is applied, among other research techniques.Ítem Historia, Crítica y Desafíos del Partido Liberal Colombiano(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2016) León Rincón, Lucero; Palma Álvarez, Daniel Arturo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001473278; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=Qao9o-IAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5876-8771Historically the Colombian party system has been the target of strong criticism, related to its failures; which affects the idea of the disappearance of the parties, as democratic institutions. As opposed to this scenario, there is the idea that defends the existence of these organizations, as underpinnings of democracy, to be the representatives of the interests of the citizens. As a result of these two perspectives, the author raises the premise of re dignify political parties delimiting the object of the study to the Colombian Liberal Party, to which part of an integral analysis that identifies the origin context of its ideological platform, its historical development, the fulfilment of its functions and its challenges, with the objective of establishing weaknesses and visualize opportunities for modernization, rescuing the role of this fundamental actor of democracy and promoter of great social changes.Ítem Relaciones Políticas entre el Ejecutivo y el Legislativo Colombianos. “Convergencia y Fortalecimiento del Desarrollo Regional del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2010- 2014”(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2016) Méndez Guarnizo, María Ruth; Rodríguez Morales, Tania Gabriela; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001576437; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=uU1lxyAAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2604-8307The liberal democratic political system which is part of Colombia, is characterized by a division and balance of powers through an institutional and legal framework. This framework has a number of mechanisms of self-control through checks and balances, seeking to diminish the likelihood of a despotic or illegitimate use of public power. It is for this reason that through this research is investigated by what are the components of political relations between the executive and the Colombian legislature, in economic planning, during the discussions that took place in the Congress, about chapter 1 called Convergence and Strengthening Regional Development National Development Plan 2010-2014, finally approved? Whereupon it is hoped, make a contribution order hermeneutical comprehensive, useful for understanding the phenomena regarding governance in the country.