Maestría Defensa de los Derechos Humanos y el DIH ante Organismos, Tribunales y Cortes Internacionales
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11634/143
Examinar
Envíos recientes
Ítem Valoración de la indemnización administrativa a las víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia (2011-2022)(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024) Alonso Velasquez, Janeth; Jiménez Pava, Ana María; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000131091; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=hpItNRMAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7861-885XThe purpose of this article is to analyze the measure of comprehensive reparation through administrative compensation to victims of the armed conflict in Colombia, as established in Law 1448 of 2011. The analysis will focus on identifying both the strengths and weaknesses of the actions undertaken by the Colombian State in the last 10 years around this. The research method developed in this study is qualitative in nature. Regarding the type of research, a descriptive approach has been chosen. To enrich and contrast the information collected, an exhaustive search and review of various documentary sources was carried out, including relevant national and international jurisprudence, applicable Colombian regulations, and related research articles. The purpose of this triangulation of sources was to systematically identify the main nodes or critical points that have hindered the implementation of the mechanism of comprehensive reparation to the victims of the armed conflict in Colombia through administrative compensation. Finally, this approach will provide a completer and more well-founded overview of the progress, challenges, and opportunities for improvement in the effective application of this reparation measure. The findings of this study lead to analyzing and questioning whether the actions taken by the Colombian State during the last 10 years have been sufficient for the victims of the armed conflict to effectively access administrative compensation. Furthermore, this analysis will identify both the progress made and the remaining opportunities for improvement in the implementation of this reparation mechanism. In this way, recommendations can be formulated to strengthen and make the administrative compensation more accessible as a fundamental tool that allows comprehensive reparation to the victims of the armed conflict in Colombia.Ítem Análisis de la jurisprudencia constitucional en materia de hacinamiento carcelario: limitaciones y retos de implementación(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024) Gallego Giraldo, Elkin Eduardo; Barraza Morelle, Cecilia Lorena; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000104261; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=23pYdewAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3967-6281This article addressed the risks and challenges of the implementation of Constitutional Jurisprudence regarding prison overcrowding, therefore, through a qualitative, documentary study with a descriptive scope, sentences T-153 of 1998, T- 388 of 2013, T-762 of 2015 and SU-122 of 2022, parallel to which the percentage behavior of overcrowding was verified between the years 2013-2023. In this sense, the results revealed serious deficiencies in the Colombian prison system and have marked important milestones in the protection of the rights of prisoners. Despite some temporary progress in reducing overcrowding, deep structural problems remain that require comprehensive and sustained reforms. The judicial decisions highlight the urgent need for policies that respect human rights and guarantee decent conditions inside prisons, as well as coordinated State intervention to implement effective and lasting changes.Ítem Aplicación de Estándares Internacionales de Derechos Humanos al Derecho a la Educación de las Mujeres con Diversidad Funcional en Colombia(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-10-10) Cardona Botero, Sara; Calderón Valencia, Felipe; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000829838; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7384-7470; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7384-7470When gender is accompanied by different historically marked and discriminated intersectionalities, such as gender and disability; the life experience becomes difficult, since physical and attitudinal barriers arise that affect the best development of an independent and autonomous life. Among these barriers is the difficulty of access and permanence of women with disabilities in educational spaces. This is why the purpose of this work was to critically analyze how the Colombian legal system applies international standards regarding the human right to education of women with disabilities, all through qualitative research with a descriptive approach, a methodology based on human rights and the discourse analysis technique, to deepen the understanding of the practices and policies that impact the education of these women.Ítem Alcance de las Garantías del Derecho a la Vivienda de los Segundos Ocupantes en el Proceso de Restitución de Tierras en Colombia(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024) Huérfano Miranda, Diego Alejandro; Chaparro Moreno, Liliana; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001432085; https://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&user=EdKXAzgAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-0320This qualitative research aims to analyze the guarantees of the right to housing for second occupants in the process of land restitution in Colombia and its scope, in accordance with current legislation, international treaties, general comments of the Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, doctrine, reports from the Public Ministry, and study centers. As a result of this research, we determined that there are a set of guarantees for the right to housing of second occupants that must be considered within the land restitution processes in Colombia, without unnecessarily delaying or indefinitely suspending the delivery of the restituted properties in favor of the victims.Ítem Derechos de los Trabajadores Migrantes en Colombia(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-05-20) Rodríguez Castillo, Katherine; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Milena Angela Johana; Molina Pelaez, Sandra Milena; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=8HBta4MAAAAJFaced with the Venezuelan migratory phenomenon in Colombia that has worsened in recent years, the Colombian State was forced to formulate methods to respect the rights of migrant workers, and to seek an orderly and regular migration, within the framework of obligations and international standards. Its incorporation into the block of constitutionality caused the jurisprudence of the highest constitutional court, to protect the rights of the migrant worker as a person who suffers multiple violations in the migration process. This is how this investigation will review the approved and applicable standards for the Colombian case, and how the Constitutional Court guarantees their respect, based on the jurisprudence of this court.Ítem Evaluación de la calidad de los programas de atención en salud dirigidos a niños, niñas y adolescentes víctimas del desplazamiento forzado asentados en la ciudad de Quibdó(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-04-03) Moreno Moreno, Ana de Jesús; Cuartas Giraldo, María Isabel; Gutiérrez Dantón, Jose Antonio"According to what is indicated in article 1 of our National Constitution, Colombia is a Social State of Law, founded on respect for human dignity, on the work and solidarity of the people who integrate it and on the prevalence of the interest general. The State will especially protect those people who, due to their economic, physical or mental condition, find themselves in circumstances of manifest weakness from abuses and ill-treatment committed against them and also from the other rights enshrined in the Constitution, laws and treaties. International ratified by Colombia. The family, society and the State have the obligation to assist and protect the child to guarantee their harmonious and integral development and the full exercise of their rights." "Article 44 of the National Constitution says: "The fundamental rights of children are: life, physical integrity, health and social security, a balanced diet, their name and nationality, having a family and not being separated from it. , care, love, education, culture, recreation and the free expression of their opinion” “The rights of children take precedence over the rights of others. It is necessary to emphasize the most important aspects of the jurisprudential line of the Constitutional Court, in relation to Subjects of special constitutional protection, such as children, the elderly, people in condition of forced displacement and pregnant women. It is the target audience that you want to treat.” That is why, in order to obtain these results, visits were made to health centers, clinics and places where care is given to people affected by violence, taking children and adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17 as the target audience for this purpose. identify the effects of violence in this population. Due to lack of knowledge about legal issues, many victims of the armed conflict do not know about their rights and duties as affected by this issue of violence, for this, issues related to Law 1448 of 2011 were studied, where reference is made to care in health to the victims of the armed conflict in Colombia, due to this lack of knowledge, they do not access the services contemplated in this law, making their care more difficult. Another common factor in these types of attention to these victims is the lack of trust, for this reason an accompaniment process must be initiated in situations such as negligence, abuse of their rights and fears of being treated in a despotic manner. For this, a series of tools have been determined to get to the bottom and determine aid and accompaniment from official entities to affected people, so they can develop a free development of their personality, which is why the support of professionals in the health area is considered. which is essential to reach a successfully developed community as well as these people who can adhere to the community in general.Ítem Reflexiones Sobre el Impacto de las Normas, Decisiones y Medidas de Protección del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos en Comunidades en Medio del Conflicto Armado en San José de Apartado, desde la Perspectiva de las Comunidades(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-09-15) De Hoyos Tous, Carlos Mario; Rivera Alcaraz, Yuranny Andrea; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000069941; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001411187; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3944-2345The purpose of this investigative work is to critically analyze the impact of the norms, decisions and protection measures of the inter-American human rights system on the communities in the midst of the armed conflict in San José de Apartadó, from the perspective of the communities that have been victims of human rights violations, by the action or omission of the State, an institution that has the national and international responsibility to respect and guarantee human rights. Furthermore, with these reflections it is intended that the reader expand their knowledge about the inter-American system as a regional system for the protection of human rights, identifying the different procedural instances that must be followed so that the Inter-American Commission and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights can rule on the merits. of an issue, allowing a greater understanding in the development of the idea of human rights and contextualizing it, especially in peasant communities that are in a scenario of risk of violations of human rights as is the case of the town of San José de Apartadó - Antioquia.Ítem El Acuerdo de Paz Suscrito Entre el Estado Colombiano y las Farc Ep y los Estándares Internacionales en Materia de Judicialización y Sanción de los Máximos Responsables de Crímenes de Violencia Sexual Cometidos en Contra de las Mujeres en el Conflicto Armado Interno en Colombia Como Garantía del Derecho a la Justicia”(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-09-14) Villarreal Pava, Juan; Noguera Sánchez, Helber Armando; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001429908The purpose of this research work is to analyze the Peace Agreement signed on November 24, 2016 between Colombia and the FARC EP and the international standards on sexual violence to establish which aspects and obligations contemplated in international standards have been taken into account. regarding the sexual violence inflicted on women in the internal armed conflict and the possible consequences derived from it. For the above, in addition to the Peace Agreement, international instruments signed and ratified by the Colombian State are studied, including the American Convention on Human Rights, the Inter-American Convention to Prevent, Punish and Eradicate Violence against Women (Convention of Belém do Pará) , the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), the International Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Rome Statute, as well as international experiences on the treatment given to sexual violence committed against women. women in internal armed conflicts.Ítem Los Derechos Humanos desde la Dimensión Lingüística y el Movimiento Nacional de Víctimas de Crímenes del Estado de Colombia(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-08-04) Martínez Elías, Agustín Eugenio; Martínez-Carvajal, Jorge; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000001102; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=2_aoXXYAAAAJ; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=TW2aL1IAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7285-6786; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1176-4175Human rights construction is closely linked to the discussion, signature, and ratification made by the States, however, it is also true that these are built on a day-to-day basis by those who demand them in local contexts. Despite the centrality of the Colombian State in the interpretation and application of human rights in Colombia, during the presidential periods of former President Álvaro Uribe Vélez, the cohabitation of two different understandings of them can be identified. Thus, social movements such as the National Movement for Victims of State Crimes have something important to say about human rights, interpreting and claiming them from the local level, from below.Ítem La conciliación en equidad y el derecho a la igualdad en territorio rural afrocolombiano(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-07-05) Mena Maturana, Jossymary; Gomez Betancur, Milany Andrea; Universidad de Medellín; Universidad Santo TomásThe objective of this article is to analyze whether the implementation framework of the public policy of Conciliation in Equity has limitations that prevent the satisfaction of the Right to Equality and Non-discrimination of the inhabitants of the Afro-Colombian rural territory of San Antonio de Buey, municipality of Medio Atrato-Chocó. The approach used is qualitative, with a quasi-ethnographic design and descriptive scope. The documentary review, the interview, and the observation were the applied instruments. The sample was made up of 20 community leaders. The results showed that the implementation framework of the public policy of Conciliation in Equity has limitations in its implementation in the Afro-Colombian rural territory, among which are economic, time, and community participation requirements. Therefore, it is mainly concluded that framework of the public policy of Conciliation in Equity has limitations that prevent the effective Right of Equality and Non-discrimination of the inhabitants of the rural territory of San Antonio de BueyÍtem La Necesidad de la Tipificación del Delito de Odio por Identidad de Género y Orientación Sexual en Colombia(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-07-04) Moya Salinas, María Alexandra; Ramelli Arteaga, Alejandro; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000101060; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001694646; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=XBGAICMAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3846-2708The current situation of the GLBT community in Colombia has escalated each year by increasing human right’s violations. They become constant victims of torture, threats, deaths, extra-judicial disappearances, and any violent act based on their sexual orientation and gender identity. The legislation in Colombia has not been able to provide effective judicial protection against events that have given rise to violations of their human rights, not only in the national laws, but also in internationals treaties. This article aims to lead to an analysis of what is included in the definition of hate crime based on gender identity and sexual orientation, its elements and characteristics, as a necessity compared to what is currently included in Colombian criminal law. The methodology adopted will have a qualitative approach, with an explanatory nature between international, regional and national regulations; through the collection of documentary information. The expected result will be to support the need to define the hate crime vs. the aggravating circumstance provided for in art. 58 of the Penal Code. Keywords: Hate crime, criminalization, legal good.Ítem La relación de la desviación parcial del objeto en la aplicación de la pena con la tasa de reincidencia en la ciudad de Medellín (2016–2022)(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-06-02) Ibarra Jiménez, Sandro Germán; Arias, Diego AlonsoThe Political Charter of 1991 establishes in its second article the purposes of the State aimed at achieving guarantees such as public safety, among others. On the other hand, the penal norm in turn indicates the purposes of the sentence that, beyond the general and special preventions and the protection of the defendant, establishes social reintegration. This state obligation implies the implementation of programs that fulfill a resocializing function with which the individual recovers or reinforces those social values that allow a peaceful life in the community. In accordance with the above, this work has as its main objective to describe the relationship between the partial deviation of the object of application of the sentence and the behavior of the recidivism rates in the city of Medellín between the years 2016 and 2022. In order of this purpose, the work has been divided into the following structure: initially, the state of partial deviation of the object of application of the penalty in the city of Medellín will be determined. In a second moment, the recidivism rate discriminated by crimes in the city will be presented. Finally, an analysis of the relationship between recidivism rates and the state of partial deviation of the object of application of the penalty (2016 - 2022) will be carried out.Ítem La Mujer en el Conflicto Colombiano Seminario Internacional: "Mirar al Pasado para Construir el Presente, Informe de la Comisión de la Verdad"(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-05-12) Carrillo Pérez, María Fernanda; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002083682; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9047-1003Ítem La aplicación del principio de excepcionalidad de la judicialización en el Sistema de Responsabilidad Penal para Adolescentes (SRPA) de Colombia(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-02-03) Ballesteros Rodriguez, Melissa; Jiménez Pava, Ana Maria; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000131091; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=hpItNRMAAAAJ; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001822068; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8504-4680With the expedition of Law 1098 of 2006 - Childhood and Adolescence Code (CIA, its acronym in Spanish), the System of Criminal Responsibility for Adolescents (SRPA, its acronym in Spanish) was incorporated to adjust the domestic legal system to the corpus juris of children and adolescents, in which the Principle of Exceptionality of Judicialization is consecrated, which seeks to avoid prosecution of persons in the process of formation. This article presents a dogmatic-legal analysis of the normative development during the implementation of the SRPA and the challenges that arise to meet the international standards of this principle, and it is done through the jurisprudential review related to the SRPA that incorporates hermeneutic solutions to normative conflicts due to the absence of a differentiated and specialized regulation.Ítem Defensores y defensoras de los derechos humanos: ¿y a ellas/os quién los protege?(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-12-19) Del Castillo Murcia, Edgar; Portilla Benavides, Ana Cristina; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001650036; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001632046; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=kmaEEsYAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6242-8016The work carried out by people and organizations defending humans rights has not been appreciated in Colombian territory, ignoring their essential role in the protection and defense of communities that still suffer the barbarism of war, who have to live with inequality and social exclusion. This constant struggle for the protection of human rights carried out by human rights defenders bears the risks to which they are exposed in their daily lives, and even so, their fundamental role within the national community is not valued and even unknown. by citizens. Here is my theoretical and practical contribution to the protection of the dignity of defenders throughout the Colombian territory.Ítem Insumos para un estudio sobre la autoría en casos de violencia basadas en género en el marco de FODEIN 2022 ante la Jurisdicción de Justicia y Paz. Documento borrador(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-12-14) Andrade Forero, Erika Natalia; Chaparro Moreno, Liliana Rocío; Barraza Morelle, Cecilia Lorena; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001432085; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000104261; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=23pYdewAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-0320; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3967-6281Ítem Una Apuesta de Verdad y Justicia en una Sociedad en Conflicto: Informes de La Sociedad Civil Ante la SRVR-JEP(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-12-11) Muñoz Parra, Paula Angélica; Alfonso Camelo, Heyder; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001468705; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=7QVTNf0AAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2929-3030The Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP), which is the justice component of the Integrated System for Truth, Justice, Reparation, and Non-Repetition (SIVJRNR) created and regulated several mechanisms for participation such as the submission of reports. These reports are presented by social and victim organizations to the Chamber of the Recognition of Truth, Responsibility, and Determination of Facts and Conducts (SRVR). Henceforth, this qualitative and descriptive research focuses on how victim’s and human rights organizations' reports made to the SRVR are an expression of truth and simultaneously an advance in the consolidation of the right of access to justice. The research was structured into four main chapters. First, it begins with the conceptualization of transitional justice and the right of access to justice and truth, to provide a framework of reference and theoretical support. Secondly, it describes purposely the context and process of the negotiation of the Final Agreement and the Integral System. Furthermore, the third chapter discusses the temporary, material, and personal competence of the Special Jurisdiction for Peace, emphasizing the presentation of reports as a participation mechanism. The final part draws together the analysis of how are indeed materialized the contributions of truth and justice demands, based on the rapport of three reports.Ítem Ajustes Institucionales de la Policía Nacional para la Protección de los Derechos Humanos: Estudio del Código Nacional de Seguridad y Convivencia Ciudadana Ley 1801 de 2016(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-11-05) Murcia Domínguez, Rubén Darío; Camelo, Heyder Alfonso; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001468705; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001990623; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=7QVTNf0AAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2929-3030The objective of this study was to identify the institutional adjustments and challenges of the national police in terms of human rights protection since the entry into force of Law 1801 of 2016. In methodological terms, it was developed from an investigative approach supported by starting from the qualitative paradigm, hand in hand with the documentary research technique, which began with the heuristic phase of information collection and continued with a hermeneutical analysis from the historical contextualization of human rights and its link with phenomena that involve issues of coexistence and citizen security, in order to connect these events with the entry into force of the Law under study. It was found that the National Code of Citizen Security and Coexistence, Law 1801 of 2016, linked a normative adjustment that unified all the provisions that in terms of function and institutional activity must activate the National Police, structured as a preventive legal tool that projects a decisive purpose, whose base tends towards the peaceful relationship of the human collective. However, challenges were identified regarding the protection of human rights, aimed at establishing preventive measures linked to a framework of duties and obligations for natural and legal persons, and the assignment of clear regulations and mandatory compliance for the exercise of power and police activity, these, aimed at respecting and ensuring respect for the rights and freedoms established by the Political Constitution of the Colombian State.Ítem La pertenencia de trabajar por la igualdad de género en las FF.MM y construir mecanismos y herramientas para enfrentar algún tipo de discriminación para las mujeres al interior de la institución militar.(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-10-13) Lopez Puerto, Valeria Stefanny; Barraza Morelle, Cecilia Lorena; Universidad Santo TomásThe study was carried out to determine whether there is any type of discrimination against women within the military institution; and thus determine the relevance of working for gender equality in the Armed Forces and build mechanisms and tools to face it. Mixed research (qualitative and quantitative) was used from the interpretive hermeneutic paradigm of deductive cut. The findings found allowed the establishment of different initiatives within the Armed Forces for the elimination of any form of discrimination through the implementation of policies and rules of conduct within the institution, however, the two groups surveyed stated that there are comments that they make some of the superiors or subordinates that affect female personnel, in addition, the personnel who feel discriminated against the most correspond to the women of the different combat arms, for which it is necessary to strengthen the actions oriented towards cultural transformation so that there is congruence between what is stated in the anti-discrimination policy and the conduct of the staff.Ítem Derecho de participación: un estudio de caso de la sensibilización de los Servidore(a)s Público(a)s en Colombia 2020-2021(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2022-09-16) Rodríguez Ramírez, Celia Esther; Bonilla Piratova, Elsa; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000016210; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001696675; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=Bo2EKF8AAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3799-8025This degree work presents the characterization of the awareness of public servants in Colombia in reference to the human right to participate, the citizen social control, the right of petition and the principle of maximum disclosure, in accordance with the national and international legal system with a view to strengthening the social and democratic State of law, corresponding to the years 2021 – 2022. Likewise, in this qualitative research, is presented, analyzed and evidenced a field work that was developed with some public servants of certain national and district institutions, who responded or did not respond to petitions and with those who voluntarily and anonymously participated in the exercise. At the end, the conclusions and recommendations are presented based on the results obtained in the fieldwork, contrasted with the theory studied.