Maestría Derecho y Justicia

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11634/67703

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Mostrando 1 - 13 de 13

La exclusión de la comisión por omisión en el delito de maltrato animal: una crítica dogmática y de política criminal a propósito de la ley Ángel
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-04-17) Cruz Castro, Juan David; Reyes Estepa, Juan David; Naranjo Urrea, Paula; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002120442; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=q1oChCEAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6870-4070
The research presented here begins with a well-defined problem: the exclusion of commission by omission in animal abuse crimes in Colombia. The guiding thread is the normative evolution that culminates in Law 2455 of 2025 (Ley Ángel). This law represents, without a doubt, a significant advance in criminal policy, as it strengthens criminal and administrative sanctions and introduces mechanisms for prevention and investigation. At the same time, however, it leaves intact a deep dogmatic gap: Article 25 of the Criminal Code does not include crimes against animals within the equivalence clause between action and omission.The work is structured on two levels: first, the historical reconstruction of the criminal protection of animals in Colombia—from their objectification in the 1887 Civil Code to their recognition as sentient beings in Law 1774 of 2016 and, finally, the Ley Ángel; and second, a critical dogmatic analysis, based on the theory of omission offenses and the guarantor positions (Roxin, Schünemann, Feijóo, Lascuraín, Demetrio Crespo, among others), which shows the impossibility of attributing liability for commission by omission in cases of animal abuse, even when legal duties of protection exist.The hypothesis defended is clear: this is a case of relative legislative omission, which undermines the effectiveness of criminal protection and contradicts the constitutional mandate of comprehensive protection of animals as sentient beings. And the conclusion is equally unequivocal: Colombian criminal policy has advanced in the field of animal welfare but remains incomplete on the dogmatic level. Unless Article 25 is reformed to expressly include animals within the equivalence clause, an area of impunity will persist—an area incompatible with the coherence of the criminal system and with the constitutional commitment to sentient beings.
Desafíos de la tipicidad en la era de la inteligencia artificial: análisis de la insuficiencia del régimen penal colombiano
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-03-10) Bernal Bohorquez, Alejandra María; Cortes Borrero, Rodrigo; Universidad Santo Tómás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001585622; https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=r3mwh2aaaaaj&hl=es; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9122-5648
This research analyzes the challenges that generative artificial intelligence, particularly through deepfake technologies, poses to the principle of legality in Colombian criminal law. This research evaluates the adequacy of the current criminal law framework in Colombia, particularly since Law 599 of 2000 and the more recent Law 2502 of 2025, as well as its articulation with Law 1273 of 2009. It examines how the legislature has attempted to respond to technological sophistication by introducing aggravating circumstances and recognizing the notion of “synthetic digital identity,” but also reveals regulatory gaps regarding conduct that does not pursue a direct economic objective, such as cyber harassment, online gender-based violence, or political manipulation through audiovisual simulations. From a dogmatic perspective, the work highlights a crisis in the material object of crime and in the classical categories of authorship and culpability, especially when the illicit conduct involves autonomous or decentralized artificial intelligence systems. The attribution of responsibility in scenarios of “indirect perpetration by algorithm” challenges the traditional structures of intent and subjective imputation. Furthermore, procedural shortcomings in evidentiary matters are identified, given that Law 906 of 2004 does not include specific protocols for the authentication of synthetic content, which slows down the judicial response and exacerbates the reputational damage suffered by victims. In the jurisprudential sphere, the role of the Constitutional Court of Colombia stands out, especially through Judgment T-280 of 2022, which recognizes the right to one's image as an autonomous fundamental right and establishes a foundation for the protection of digital identity. However, the study concludes that these protective orders, while relevant, do not replace the need for a structural reform of the criminal justice system. Finally, the criminal policy analysis proposes the creation of an autonomous criminal offense of synthetic identity theft, the incorporation of criminal liability for legal entities in crimes of high technological complexity, the implementation of agile procedural mechanisms such as "Criminal Habeas Data," and the adoption of digital restorative sanctions aimed at de-indexing and digital footprint cleansing. In sum, the research argues that Colombian criminal law faces a structural deficiency in the face of the challenges of artificial intelligence, which requires a transformation.
Incorporación de la inteligencia artifical como medio de prueba en el sistena jurìdico colombiano: Retos y perspectivas.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-07-15) Arango Moreno, Nathaly; Beltràn Santana, Andrés Mauricio; Rodríguez Correa, Tomas Daniel; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001946523; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0Fml3WAAAAAJ&hl=en; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-6109
Every previous human invention has served to empower humans, but we must emphasize that they do not make decisions for themselves, as they lack the criteria to make independent decisions. However, AI does have the ability to process information on its own and can therefore replace humans in decision-making. Yuval Noah Hararu (2024) states, "AI is not a tool, it is an agent." Given the importance of Artificial Intelligence, this topic is of interest to everyone, especially law students and judicial officials. In Colombia, the law of evidence faces the challenge of adapting to these innovations, thus raising the need to include AI systems or their results as evidence in judicial proceedings. It is vitally important to analyze and study the advancement of topics that develop technology and law, even more so in a country like Colombia, where the administration of justice has flaws and weaknesses in its structure (Suárez Manrique et al., 2023). The evidentiary regime in Colombia is largely regulated by two laws, the CGP and the CPP. (Villamizar, 2024) and although it is not exhaustive with them, the research seeks to explore whether the Colombian legal framework is prepared for this transformation and whether the inclusion of AI as a means of evidence would guarantee due process and substantive justice, contributing to the strengthening of the administration of justice.
Influencia discursiva de la ley 1257 de 2008 y el acuerdo de paz de 2016 en el desarrollo de la normatividad territorial referente a la equidad de género en Colombia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-07-09) Aristizábal Osorio, Juan Fransisco Felipe; Ortegón Soto, Mayra Alejandra; Rodríguez Correa, Tomás Daniel; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001946523; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0Fml3WAAAAAJ&hl=en; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-6109
Law 1257 of 2008, which establishes regulations for the awareness, prevention, and sanctioning of forms of violence and discrimination against women in Colombia, and the 2016 peace agreement (between the Colombian Government and the FARC-EP) have fostered the development of new legal discourses and the proliferation of regulations concerning gender equality public policies at the territorial level in Antioquia, Valle del Cauca, Cauca, and their respective capital cities: Medellín, Santiago de Cali, and Popayán. This document analyzes the Departmental Ordinances and Municipal Agreements on the matter, with the aim of identifying discourses, expressions, words, and trends that have emerged between 2009 and 2024. The analysis details the main discursive trends on gender equality in the reviewed regulatory documents, examining their evolution, as well as the influence of the 2016 Peace Agreement on the norms enacted after its ratification. This historical moment allowed for the adoption of approaches that were subject to deliberation and established a trend that emerged from the working groups in the peace process, which had a significant impact on the construction of territorial public policy.
Análisis de la viabilidad del modelo carcelario de Nayib Bukele en contextos de mayor población: El caso de Colombia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-09) Macias Mejía, Christian; Fernández Gutierrez, Jeison Stivens; Rodriguez Correa, Tomás Daniel; Universidad Santo Tomas; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001946523; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0Fml3WAAAAAJ&hl=en; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-6109
This article analyzes the unfeasibility of adopting Nayib Bukele’s punitive model, implemented in El Salvador, in the Colombian context. Using a comparative approach, the study examines differences in territorial extent, population density, types of organized crime, and legal frameworks. It highlights the risks associated with prolonged states of emergency, the militarization of public security, and human rights violations resulting from mass detentions. Additionally, it underscores the negative impacts of "necroadministration" and penal populism on Salvadoran democracy. In contrast, Colombia’s reality is characterized by complexities such as geographic dispersion and diverse illegal armed groups, which hinder the implementation of a uniform "iron fist" policy. Although Bukele’s strategy has reduced homicide rates in El Salvador, transferring it to Colombia would exacerbate prison overcrowding and undermine fundamental principles such as proportionality and individualized sentencing. Consequently, this study advocates comprehensive policies focused on prevention, reintegration, and respect for the rule of law, rather than authoritarian measures that infringe upon fundamental rights.
El ministerio público dentro del procedimiento penal acusatorio colombiano: ¿una institución ad portas del retiro o una necesidad constante para la protección de las personas y sociedad?
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-04) Murillo Suárez, Edwin Javier; Rodríguez Correa, Tomás Daniel; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001946523; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0Fml3WAAAAAJ&hl=en; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-6109
This article aims to respond to the academic and even executive criticism towards the Public Ministry as an intervener who should be expelled from the Colombian accusatory criminal system. For this purpose, it is valuable to address some critical points of discussion where the Judicial Prosecutor intervenes, such as the Municipal and District Representatives, with a view to establishing whether, in effect, it disrupts the essence of the criminal procedure of adversarial influence or, on the contrary, it is a figure that It is needed to guarantee higher interests, including the value of justice.
Neurotecnologías y autonomía contractual: Retos jurídicos del derecho privado ante la irrupción de los neuroderechos
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-05) Pardo Robayo, Gustavo Adolfo; Rodríguez Correa, Tomás Daniel; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001946523; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0Fml3WAAAAAJ&hl=en; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-6109
The rapid development of neurotechnologies (devices and systems capable of recording, interpreting, or intervening in brain activity) has opened a new field of legal reflection that challenges the traditional foundations of private law, particularly the principle of autonomy of will in contractual relations. In this emerging context, so called neurorights are taking shape as a necessary and urgent category of protection against the risks these technologies pose to individual identity, mental privacy, consent, and psychological integrity. Initially driven by the neuroscientific community (especially through the BRAIN initiative and the Neurorights Foundation, led by Rafael Yuste) the debate around neurorights has begun to permeate legal, ethical, and political spheres. A catalog of five fundamental rights has been proposed: mental privacy, personal identity, free will, equitable access to cognitive enhancement, and protection against algorithmic bias. These guarantees seek to anticipate scenarios in which neurodata, automated profiling, or brain-computer interfaces may profoundly affect decision-making, including the very act of contracting. From the perspective of private law, this technological breakthrough introduces an unprecedented tension: is it possible to speak of free and informed consent when one party’s cognitive capacities may have been directly or indirectly modified by technologies acting upon the brain? How should the legal system respond to these sophisticated forms of influence or manipulation? The answer is not yet codified, but it is beginning to take shape in regulatory frameworks such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the forthcoming Artificial Intelligence Act, and Spain’s Charter of Digital Rights, documents that, albeit unevenly, recognize the need to regulate the intersection between the mental and the digital. The current doctrinal debate on mental privacy (understood as the control over neural data and the mental processes derived from it) oscillates between three main positions: the skeptics, who deny the existence of a real threat; the conservatives, who argue that existing legal frameworks can be extended to address these risks; and the liberals, who claim that the unique nature of neural data demands the creation of a new normative body. As López-Silva, Wajnerman-Paz, and Molnar-Gabor (2024) demonstrate, the issue is not merely technical but ontological and ethical: neurodata are not merely external representations, but can constitute structural fragments of the mind itself, which amplifies their legal significance. In response to these emerging risks, proposals such as those from the Neurotechnology Ethics Taskforce (NET) and pioneering reforms in Chile and Brazil have sought to explicitly regulate neurorights, including prohibitions on the use of technologies that compromise psychic continuity or decisional autonomy. However, there is still no consensus on whether existing protection systems (such as the GDPR in Europe) are sufficient to confront the novel challenges posed by neuroreading or “neuroprofiling” in contractual contexts. This article aims to critically and doctrinally examine the challenges posed by the implementation of neurotechnologies in the contractual domain, questioning the limits of private autonomy in the face of technologies capable of intervening in decision-making processes. Through the analysis of specific risks (such as involuntary self-incrimination, neurocognitive discrimination, loss of mental opacity, and the erosion of freedom of thought) this work seeks to identify the need for a robust regulatory framework that bridges classical principles of private law with the contemporary ethical demands arising from the neurotechnological revolution.
Responsabilidad Estatal en la Protección de Territorios Indígenas: Desafíos Jurídicos en un Estado Descentralizado
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-12) Tovar Sedano, Alix Yolany; Rodríguez Correa, Tomás Daniel; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001946523; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0Fml3WAAAAAJ&hl=en; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-6109
The Colombian State, within the framework of the political model of the Social State of Law and under a Unitary State structure, has sought, since the 1991 Constitution, to strengthen the principle of autonomy of territorial entities. This has allowed for the materialization of a process of political centralization, while simultaneously consolidating the transfer of functions and powers to municipalities, departments, districts, and indigenous territories. These, within the framework of a territorial decentralization process, possess administrative, budgetary, and financial autonomy, enabling them to organize internally and exercise their own competencies. All of this serves to implement the functions assigned by the Constitution and the Law, in fulfillment of the essential purposes of the State and in compliance with the principle of coordination that guides administrative functions at the various levels of the State’s general structure. Within the framework of the decentralization process, indigenous territories are recognized as territorial entities. This right, derived from the organization of the State’s structure as established in the Constitution, entails a substantial responsibility for the State as the guarantor of the effective protection of the rights, safeguards, and interests of indigenous peoples and their territories, which constitutes a significant legal challenge for a decentralized State.
La autorresponsabilidad de las personas jurídicas – una Determinación a propósito de los programas de cumplimiento normativo.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-07-11) Riveros Cruz, Julián Leonardo; Rodríguez Correa, Tomas Daniel; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001946523; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0Fml3WAAAAAJ&hl=en; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-6109
¿Por qué la medida cautelar de embargo ab initio en los procesos de responsabalidad civil extracontractual podría ser procedente?
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-11) Duque Montes, Juan José; Rodríguez Correa, Tomás Daniel; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001946523; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0Fml3WAAAAAJ&hl=en; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-6109
This paper addresses the legal debate surrounding the admissibility of ab initio precautionary seizure (embargo) in tort liability proceedings. Traditionally, Article 590 of Colombia’s General Procedural Code (C.G.P.) has been interpreted to allow embargoes only after a favorable first-instance judgment. This interpretation aligns with principles such as the rule of law, procedural legality, and legal certainty. However, the author argues that this approach may undermine the enforceability of judgments, leading to so-called “frame-worthy” rulings—decisions that are favorable but practically unenforceable. Using a deductive methodology, the paper analyzes constitutional provisions and procedural principles that support a functional interpretation of the C.G.P., especially Articles 2, 11, and 13, which enshrine effective judicial protection, the primacy of substantive law, and purposive interpretation of procedural rules. From this standpoint, ab initio seizure may be considered a reasonable precautionary measure under Article 590.1(c) of the C.G.P., as a tool to ensure the enforceability of a potential judgment. The paper also highlights the practical tensions arising from this interpretation: judicial constraints regarding unnamed precautionary measures, court congestion, potential harm to the defendant, and the rules governing guarantees. Despite these challenges, it concludes that while each case must be assessed individually, pre-judgment seizure in declaratory proceedings is both legally viable and constitutionally advisable when necessary to ensure the effectiveness of a final ruling.
La justicia restaurativa en el delito de invasión de áreas de especial importancia ecológica: análisis de necesidad y conveniencia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-11) Rodriguez Galvis, David Francisco; Rodriguez Correa, Tomás Daniel; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001946523; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0Fml3WAAAAAJ&hl=en; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-6109
Environmental protection is an international concern that requires different measures. There are tools to regulate the sustainable use of natural resources through environmental licenses, controls for those who carry out activities potentially dangerous to the environment and the imposition of administrative sanctions for violators. In Colombia, as in other countries, there are punitive measures for their protection. Complex discussions have been generated around the need to elevate these behaviors to the category of crime or, at least, if only some should be considered punishable. In the same sense, environmental criminal law and administrative sanctioning law should coexist to preserve the environment and natural resources. This article takes the position that it is necessary to criminalize these behaviors but highlights the importance of restorative justice for the solution of these social problems. Particularly in the crime of invasion of areas of special ecological importance, restorative justice must play a leading role, which can be achieved through the principle of opportunity in cases where reparation is achieved, recidivism is avoided, and prevention is favored.
Aplicación de la teoría de causalidad adecuada, en la determinación del hecho generador del daño al patrimonio público y su estructuración como elemento esencial de la responsabilidad fiscal en Colombia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-05) Moncada Reyes, Luis Enrique; Rodriguez Correa, Tomas Daniel; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001946523; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0Fml3WAAAAAJ&hl=en; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-6109
The article hints at the existence of various factors involved when determining the real, fundamental, and appropriate cause, embedded in the act that generates harm to public assets. It addresses the issues related to assigning fiscal responsibility to an individual whose negligent, careless, imprudent conduct, or intent to achieve the result, has led to the materialization of damage to public assets. This is represented by the depletion, reduction, harm, detriment, loss, or deterioration of public goods or resources, or the financial interests of the State. It suggests a commitment from the fiscal operator, as well as the other involved parties, to emphasize the detailed analysis of the action or omission that led to the legally relevant harmful event, ultimately obtaining the necessary and mandatory certainty regarding the third element, known as causal link (cause-effect), between the damage or impact on public assets and the behavior carried out by those who manage or contribute to fiscal management.
El principio de la equivalencia económica del contrato público, causas que lo vulneran, medios para su protección y herramientas para restaurarlo en Colombia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-06-04) García Valcarcel, Gustavo Adolfo; Ballen Rojas, Jhon Alexander; Rodríguez Correa, Tomás Daniel; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001946523; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=0Fml3WAAAAAJ&hl=en; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-6109
Contract law is founded, among other tenets, on the stability of the performance obligations assumed by the parties. The principle of economic equivalence constitutes the pillar that ensures alignment between the duties undertaken and the benefits agreed upon; a significant disruption to this balance may undermine the effectiveness and the social function of the legal act. Within the Colombian context, various doctrinal, statutory, and jurisprudential sources have examined the impact of unforeseeable events on contractual performance, acknowledging the need for mechanisms that preserve equity and safeguard the economic purpose of the agreement

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