Especialización Gerencia de Negocios Internacionales

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11634/214

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Estandarización de procedimientos críticos y resolución de casos en el área de Cuentas por Pagar de Forward Air durante la transición operativa internacional
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-07-01) Erazo Jiménez, Juan Pablo; Ortega Diez, Ivan Guillermo; Universidad Santo Tomás
This report documents the professional practicum carried out between February and May 2026 in the Accounts Payable department of Forward Air, a U.S.-based logistics company that, following its integration with Omni Logistics, manages its financial processes from Bogotá through Lean Solutions Group. The practicum took place within the Issue Resolution Team (IRT), as an Accounts Payable Specialist – Regional Contact. During the final phase of an international operational transition begun in 2025, the department exhibited structural weaknesses: undocumented processes, up to 406 problematic invoices active simultaneously in SAP Concur, and overdue balances with strategic vendors. An improvement plan was implemented to standardize and control critical processes through standard operating procedures (SOPs), five training sessions for the India and Mexico teams, and direct resolution of critical vendor cases. Results are verifiable: the discrepancy with E&A TransPros was reduced from $104,653.84 to $10,428.26 (a 90% improvement); a consolidated payment of $61,058.49 was processed, covering 23 outstanding invoices from East Coast Warehouse; and the RF Transport case, exceeding $370,000 USD in accumulated invoices, was identified and escalated. These outcomes confirm the measurable impact of process standardization on the operational efficiency of a global logistics organization. Key Words: accounts payable, process standardization, operational transition, vendor management, critical case resolution.
La ventaja competitiva de diferenciación: Un análisis desde la experiencia de aerosan en el mercado de Ground Handling
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-02-25) Fernandez Ulloa, Rafael Antonio; Castelazo Torres, Luis Rodrigo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001393500; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001883526; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6673-0768; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8231-6479
Today, international businesses are operating in an unprecedented context of economic interdependence. The acceleration of trade flows and competition that transcends borders are important factors to consider. This increasingly complex and dynamic landscape means that companies seeking to enter and excel in a market—rather than simply existing and participating at a limited level—must abandon the idea of merely improvising their entry. Instead, they must recognize that to stand out, they need to adopt a strategic approach to the global market.
Optimización del proceso de legalización de facturas en la IPS Goleman mediante la automatización de tareas repetitivas en el sistema Panacea: una propuesta de intervención
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2026-01-26) Ulloa Ovalle, Camilo Andres; Nancy Stella, Ayala Joya; Universidad Santo Tomás
This improvement plan proposes optimizing invoice legalization at IPS Goleman via partial automation of repetitive tasks using Power Automate Desktop. Based on structured observation, time measurements and incident logs, we identified delays from manual transcription from Excel to Panacea and recurring errors (numeric entry, SIU code selection, duplicates and omissions). The diagnosis includes DOFA, MEFE and POAM matrices and a comparative analysis projecting a 75% reduction in per-invoice time (60 s to 15 s), an error-rate drop from 15% to 2%, and a productivity increase from 60 to 240 invoices per hour. SMART objectives, timeline, KPIs and risk management support a gradual, safe implementation. Without executing the change in production, this document provides the technical and organizational groundwork for future adoption, focusing on operational efficiency, traceability and staff well-being.
El café en riesgo: un eslabón perdido por el relevo generacional que pone en riesgo a toda una industria.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-08-04) Torres Cetina, Valentina; Universidad Santo Tomás
In Colombia, 22 of the 32 departments are coffee producers, an activity that sustains approximately 549,000 families across the country, including small, medium, and large producers. This activity has been carried out in the country since the 19th century, and since then it has become one of the main drivers of national exports, achieving international recognition for the high quality of its Arabica coffee varieties, characterized by citrus, sweet, and well-balanced flavor profiles. As a result, Colombia has gained a leading role in the global specialty coffee market. Colombian coffee farming is marked by a tradition that has left a lasting legacy among families living in rural areas of the country. For years, this activity has been passed down from generation to generation, becoming a cultural tradition for hundreds of families over recent decades. However, today this very legacy represents one of the main challenges facing the coffee value chain.
Estrategias de Recuperación Post-Covid-19 en la Industria Aérea
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-05-27) Rubiano Castañeda, Juan Carlos; Castelazo Torres, Luis Rodrigo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001393500; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6673-0768
One of the most important parameters when evaluating how we can behave over time is our ability to adapt to specific eventualities. This has been evident throughout history during various moments when humanity has needed each other to overcome critical states essential for well-being. Analysis, studies, research, and experience are tools that enable us to face the many changes we are destined to encounter over the years with greater accuracy and effectiveness. That said, the analyzed research allows us to set precedents that can be used by future generations to contribute to the development and management of catastrophic scenarios, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In this way, the aviation industry can gather all that was learned during this event and up to the present day to apply the knowledge and strategies that could guide future generations, providing them with effective tools to face potential future crises and, once again, understanding that difficulties are doors to opportunities that must be crossed. Among the multiple economic impacts suffered by markets during the COVID-19 pandemic, the aviation sector is particularly identifiable due to the various factors it had to confront during the crisis. This article aims to understand the strategies that many companies within the aviation industry had to adapt to overcome the chaos of the pandemic. The analysis presented delves deeper into the economic and logistical impacts on the sector and offers a perspective on the amalgamation of situations faced daily by each party. Over time, I have developed a profound interest in the aviation sector, motivated by more than five years of work experience immersed in this industry. This trajectory has allowed me to closely understand its dynamics, challenges, and transformations, as well as the different nuances that compose it. Far from being a fleeting interest, this deep engagement has grown over time, awakening in me a commitment to the various factors that impact its functioning and sustainability. I have always believed that to understand a problem thoroughly, it is necessary to investigate its origin, development, and outcome. In this way, no scenario would take us by surprise if knowledge is at the forefront of the situation. My current position, working within an aviation company, allows me to identify factors that perhaps someone outside this industry might not easily visualize. It is here where my interest gains strength and, at the same time, holds relevance for the near future. Next, I will present different viewpoints focused on the negative aspects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adaptation that occurred in the market, and the transformation it underwent to ensure survival during the crisis. I will then establish my position centered on strategies, highlighting success stories and market behaviors to illustrate how this industry, being one of the most affected, managed to transform and emerge in a volatile market left by this crisis.
Reutilización y Aprovechamiento de Alimentos Desechados en Corabastos para Creación de Productos Capilares
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025) Ramírez Ospina, David Sebastián; Castelazo Torres, Luis Rodrigo; Gaitán Méndez, Jorge Eliecer; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001393500; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001511610; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6673-0768; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2732-6225
In a world where food waste is a growing problem, the search for innovative solutions is crucial. Every year, millions of tons of food are discarded in different parts of the world, contributing not only to the global food crisis, but also to serious environmental problems. Bogota, as one of the main cities in Latin America, faces this challenge through its largest wholesale food market: Corabastos. Here, tons of fruits and vegetables are discarded daily, many of them still fit for consumption or reuse. The waste of these foods not only generates a problem of waste management and environmental pollution, but also represents a missed opportunity to transform these resources into useful products for society. In this context, the possibility of reusing these discarded foods for the development of cosmetic products arises, particularly in the hair industry.
Bionegocio: Exportación Sostenible de Bebidas Energizantes Naturales a Base de Panela
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025) Cardona Garzon, Daniela Alexandra; Universidad Santo Tomás
The objective of this article is to explore the opportunity represented by the creation of a bio-business through the utilization of Colombia's natural resources by exporting a product made from local raw materials, such as panela. This product not only stands out in Colombian households for its taste and authenticity but also for the health benefits it offers, transforming it into an energizing drink as a healthy alternative free from the contraindications of conventional energy drinks. Through this bio-business, the aim is to highlight the growing international demand for energy drinks that, in addition to meeting high quality standards, respond to consumers' new preferences for sustainable products that are environmentally responsible. This article seeks not only to explore new business opportunities in the international arena but also to emphasize Colombia's potential to position itself as a leader in the production of healthy and natural beverages, leveraging the richness of its biodiversity and the potential of its raw materials.
Una Mirada Más Profunda a los Residuos del Café, la Contaminación Detrás de un Legado Cultural y una Marca País
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2025-03-13) Gómez Arenas, Juan David; Universidad Santo Tomás
This project aims to revolutionize the furniture industry in Colombia by repurposing coffee waste into innovative, eco-friendly, and high-quality pieces. Beyond sustainability, the initiative promotes a circular economy, creates new opportunities for coffee-growing communities, and strengthens Colombia’s identity in the global market. With a profitable and responsible approach, this proposal redefines the value of waste, turning it into functional pieces that tell a story of environmental and social impact.
Globalización, ¿Ventaja Global o Riesgo Local?
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024) Garavito Ochoa, Karen Dayanna; Universidad Santo Tomás
Globalization has significantly impacted economies and societies worldwide. This phenomenon, which has its roots in historical exchanges such as the Silk Road, has connected markets, nations and people, generating a growing interdependence. This process has enabled large companies, such as Amazon, Apple or Coca-Cola, to expand their reach and diversify their businesses, but it has also posed challenges for small local companies, which often find it difficult to compete in a globalized market. Given this reality, a key question arises: is globalization a scenario of opportunity that enables economic and social growth for all countries? The aim of this article is to identify, analyze and understand the relationship between globalization and global welfare, examining the social, cultural and economic effects that these dynamics generate. It starts from the premise that there are some risks associated with globalization, such as cultural homogenization and increased competition. However, it also offers numerous benefits, including access to foreign markets, the development of new technologies and the creation of strategic partnerships. It is therefore essential to assess whether globalization acts as an engine of global progress or whether, on the contrary, it represents a tool of control exercised by the most powerful countries over the most vulnerable. Before starting, it is imperative to define well-being, which is defined as “a life that is comfortable or supplied with everything that leads to having a good and peaceful time” (Ruíz, 2017). Beyond making judgments, this article seeks to provoke a reflection on how the interaction between the global and the local could result in a more balanced and sustainable economic model in which both approaches complement and reinforce each other.
Fertilizante orgánico para hortalizas a base de extracto de ortiga, para exportación a Brasil
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024) Moreno Estupiñan, Luisa Gabriela; Universidad Santo Tomás
La Dinámica Multifacética del Mercado de Divisas
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-12-01) Torres Tavera, Wolfgang Nicolás Felipe; Gaitan, Jorge; Universidad Santo Tomás
This article examines the factors influencing exchange rates in the contemporary foreign exchange market, from a perspective that integrates practical international trading experience with rigorous academic analysis. The study argues that today's foreign exchange market requires a holistic approach that combines the analysis of traditional factors with an understanding of emerging elements such as digitalization, digital geopolitics, and ESG factors. The research identifies and analyzes four main dimensions affecting exchange rates: traditional macroeconomic fundamentals, technological and digital factors, geopolitical elements, and ESG considerations. The article highlights how the interaction between these factors creates a complex ecosystem that requires new analytical tools and frameworks for effective understanding and management. The implications for business management include the need for more sophisticated monitoring systems, more flexible hedging strategies, and the integration of ESG considerations in exchange rate risk assessment. The study concludes by pointing out promising areas for future research, including the impact of blockchain technologies, the influence of social media, and the role of CBDCs in the foreign exchange market.
Colombia, Infraestructura y Tecnología: Un Potencial Dormido en el Mercado Internacional
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024) Sánchez Panche, Mateo; Gaitán, Jorge; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002119463
Colombia's strategic geographic position, abundant natural resources, and biodiversity grant it significant potential in international trade. However, structural challenges such as infrastructure deficiencies, high logistical costs, technological backwardness, and pronounced regional inequalities hinder its global competitiveness. These barriers impact the country's ability to effectively integrate into global value chains. This paper examines critical gaps in logistics, digital connectivity, and sustainability, highlighting their role in limiting economic development. Key issues include the disconnection between production zones and ports, elevated logistical costs that inflate export prices, and unequal access to advanced technologies in rural areas. Colombia has strategic advantages that allow it to stand out in international trade, such as its privileged geographic location, abundant natural resources and biodiversity. However, it faces structural challenges that limit its global competitiveness, including infrastructure deficiencies, high logistics costs, technological backwardness and marked regional inequality. These problems affect the country's ability to effectively integrate into global value chains. This paper analyzes the main gaps in logistics, digital connectivity and sustainability, highlighting how they hinder economic development. Among the most critical problems are identified the disconnection between producing areas and ports, high logistics costs that increase export prices, and the lack of equitable access to advanced technologies in rural regions. To overcome these limitations, a comprehensive strategy is proposed based on public-private partnerships, investment in multimodal and digital infrastructure, and the promotion of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain and IoT. It also highlights the need to diversify the exportable supply towards goods and services with higher added value, while prioritizing sustainability through the implementation of green infrastructure and responsible practices. Specialized technical training in key areas such as logistics, renewable energies and agriculture, as well as in the development of new technologies, will be a key component of the program.
Inteligencia Artificial: Un impulso hacia la eficiencia y el crecimiento sostenible
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024) Monroy Pineda, Angely Sildana; Castelazo, Luis; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001393500; https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=JXK2ezgAAAAJ&hl=es&oi=ao; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6673-0768
Valor Compartido: Redefiniendo los Negocios y el Panorama Empresarial Internacional
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-12-09) Jerez García, Juan Andrés; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002094193
Shared value is a successful business strategy that societies should apply around the world. This strategy is important because it is the only possible way to find a social and economic balance in which the future of humanity is prosperous. First, the reader will be contextualized on the importance of the change of mentality and how each economic entity must take responsibility for its actions. Then, a few cases will be exemplified, examples where shared value emerges as the best possible alternative, in addition to a message trying to impulse the readers to the possibilities of its implementation in Colombia and the world.
De Clientes a Creadores: La Revolución del UGC en el Marketing Internacional
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024-12-09) Ramos Devia, Luna Valentina; Universidad Santo Tomás
The user-generated content (UGC) revolution focuses on proving the relevance that this content represents in the commercial dynamics of companies because of new social and digital trends. This article reflects on the benefits of implementing this tool in their development plan in the context of international marketing, especially in strengthening their relationship with consumers. The article addresses the need for companies to understand the UGC and take advantage of this tool to strengthen their presence and position in international trade. It also offers successful examples of its implementation in companies with a global presence. The text also addresses the potential risks of UGC and how to mitigate them. Finally, it motivates companies to adopt UGC to improve their visibility, reputation, and connection with the audience, emphasizing the importance of this strategy in today's digital environment.
Artículo de Opinión Sobre el Impacto de los Agronegocios y las Multinacionales en el Desarrollo Sostenible del Sector Agrícula en Colombia
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024) Muñoz Molina, Laura Valentina; Universidad Santo Tomás
La sostenibilidad como ventaja competitiva en los mercados internacionales
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024) Cortes Rodríguez, Diana Carolina; Universidad Santo Tomás
"Sustainability as a competitive advantage in international markets" highlights how sustainability has evolved into a comprehensive approach that covers economic, social and environmental dimensions, becoming a key requirement for competing globally. Through the case of Grupo Bimbo, it exemplifies how sustainable practices, such as the use of renewable energy and support for local communities, not only mitigate environmental impacts, but also strengthen business competitiveness. In addition, it raises the need to move towards sustainable economic models that balance development, social justice and environmental care, emphasizing collaboration between governments, companies and citizens as an axis to achieve a structural change that guarantees present and future well-being.
Análisis Sobre el Proceso de Implementación de un Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad en la Institución Educativa Bilingüe Andrés Bello de Istmina - Chocó de Acuerdo con los Principios de la ISO: 9001 de 2015
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024) Asprilla Pedroza, Flor Denny; Cueto Fuentes, Eduardo Nicolás; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000860930; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0002185837; https://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&user=WnQLGoUAAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2125-6828
The consultancy entitled ‘Analysis of the implementation process of the Quality Management System at the Andrés Bello Educational Institution in Istmina Chocó according to the principles of ISO 9001:2015’ examined the lack of a Quality Management System that jeopardises the improvement of the institution's organisational processes, thus preventing the guarantee of quality for the satisfaction of the service, which focuses on providing an education of excellence. A mixed methodology combining qualitative and quantitative approaches was used, integrating their interaction and complementarity. Among the findings highlighted, it was found that the institution lacks knowledge about the advantages and benefits of implementing a Quality Management System based on the NTC ISO 9001:2015 standard, due to a lack of familiarity with the ISO 9001:2015 Standard. The lack of accurate identification of internal and external factors that hinder continuous improvement, quality and institutional positioning is evident in the statistical tools used. Despite having a SWOT matrix, it lacks established indicators that facilitate adequate measurement to intervene in reality. From the perspective of the performance of students and the attitude of some teachers and administrators, there is not a favourable concept for the institution, which reflects the lack of commitment, quality and competitiveness in its performance in order to raise its level and positioning at municipal and departmental level. The institution lacks indicators to evaluate the performance of both teachers and students. Complaints and non-conformities have been registered on a constant basis, which is attributed to the lack of periodic evaluation of the perception of the educational service, making it difficult to determine the level of educational quality offered, identify deficiencies and make the necessary adjustments to achieve the established objectives.
Una Mirada a la Condición de Colombia Como País Importador de Trigo, Posibles Escenarios.
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2024) Cardoso Lisboa, Andressa Beatriz; Ángel Matiz, Javier David; Castelazo Torres, Luis Rodrigo; Universidad Santo Tomás; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001393500; https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001304798; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=JXK2ezgAAAAJ; https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=es&user=p1Kb4h0AAAAJ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6673-0768; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9090-3411
The issue of the historical decrease in wheat production in Colombia and the consequent and unavoidable dependence on imports of this essential resource in the Colombian context are topics that this reflective article aims to critically discuss within the framework of International Relations. The research looks towards solutions, with the aspiration to address the wheat trade situation in Colombia by delving into the intricate web of wheat trade in Colombia and its interaction with neighboring Latin American nations. The proposed strategies encompass the development of a resurging domestic industry focused on the production of wheat and other cereal-based flours, as well as the consolidation of regional trade relationships with Argentina, a country that has historically maintained an unquestionably significant trade relationship in the context of wheat. Simultaneously, there is a glimpse of the possibility, in the medium and long term, to diminish dependence on imports and embark on the path towards self-sufficiency in wheat production.
Diseño de una propuesta de medios digitales para el mejoramiento de la presencia digital del Centro de Doctrina del Ejercito Nacional
(Universidad Santo Tomás, 2023-10-02) Espinel Luna, Franz Edinson; Suárez Suárez, David Andrés
The scope of this Design is defined by the development and validation of the architecture of the Doctrine Development Management System under the 4+1 views model, giving a proposal in digital media, which will be implemented and managed by the Doctrine Center. of the Army, and whose users will be all the officers, non-commissioned officers, civil personnel and external entities that require all the Army's doctrinal publications, This with the purpose of giving a personal approach to the information taking this design as a tool to improve the channel information communication contributing to the effective and efficient development of Military Operations.

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